Hawaiian- Creole- English-(- H- C- E)课件.pptVIP

* * * * * * * * * * * * * Hawaiian Creole English (HCE) Chae Yim Ling. 455 * Contents: Introduction First Contact History Introduction to Pidgin Development of Hawaiian Creole English Pronunciation Grammar HCE Today Issues with HCE Bibliography Media * Introduction Classified as Hawaiian Creole English (HCE) but still referred to as Pidgin. 600,000 people speak HCE today. Primarily English, but other languages are involved as well. (Chinese, Japanese, Portuguese, Korean, etc..) * First Contact 1778 – European contact- Capt. Cook ( England ). 1790 – Port between China and W. America. 1805 – Disease plagues indigenous population. 1835 – First sugar cane plantation * History 1835 – Hawaiian language dominant 1835 – Decreased use on the plantation 1874 – Increase in sugar cane acres 1875 – Decrease in Hawaiians 1876 – Ratification of Reciprocity Treaty * Increase in Immigration China 1852-1899 Japan 1885-1899 Pacific Islands 1864-1885 Portugal 1901-1923 Puerto Rico 1900-1901 Korea 1903-1905 Philippines 1907-1929 * Development of Hawaiian Pidgin English (HPE) Change from Hawaiian to English. 1878-1888 Increase in English Schools and decrease in Hawaiian Schools. Gradual replacement of Hawaiians on plantation. Intermarriage with other races. Continued decline in Hawaiian population. * Expanded Pidgin Pidgin being used outside of plantation Spoken in ethnic groups in mixed urban areas. Children exposed to both languages. 1st generation learned pidgin in school. * Development of Hawaiian Creole English (HCE) Spoke only Hawaiian Pidgin English to 2nd Generation. Hawaiian Pidgin English acquired as first language. No longer a Pidgin but Creole. Established around 1905-1920 * Linguistic Features of HCE * Pronunciation Voiced and unvoiced ‘th’ No ‘th’ sounds. HCE substitutes with ‘t’ or ‘d’ sounds. Ex. tink ‘think’ , bot ‘both’, and fada ‘father’ * Pronunciation Pidgin is non-rhotic. Ex. car is often pronounced cah, and letter is pronounced letta. In the