论未生效合同的效力.pdf

摘 要 在通常情况下，合同成立即生效，合同成立与合同生效处于同一时点，二者之 间并没有一个时间和效力上的间隔。但是，在例外情形下，合同成立与合同生效是 可以分隔或者应当分隔的。所谓可以分隔，是指按照当事人之间的约定可以使两者 之间发生分离，例如附生效条件合同的成立与生效，附生效期限合同的成立与生效。 所谓应当分隔，是指依照法律的特别规定而使两者之间发生分离，例如法定的应当 办理批准、登记手续才生效的合同的成立与生效。此类合同,即为 “未生效合同”。 所谓未生效合同的效力，是指在约定的或者法定的条件成就之前合同所处的效力状 态。未生效合同的效力包括两个方面，即积极效力和消极效力。积极效力是指合同 当事人所享有的权利及权利请求，消极效力是指合同当事人所负有的义务以及义务 的履行和不履行义务时的责任承担。 关键词：未生效合同；消极效力；积极效力 I Abstract Under normal circumstances, the contract would entry into force oncebeing established,the contract is established at the same point in time as the contract becomes effective, while there is no time and effectiveness intervals between them. In exceptional circumstances, however, the established of the contract may be separated or should be separated from the entry into force ofthe contract.The so-called may beseparated,isthat the two may be separated in accordance with the agreement between the parties, for example, the establishment and effectiveness of the contract with the entry into force conditions, and with the effective date.The so-called should be separated refers to the separation of the two according to the special provisions of the law, such as the establishment and effectiveness of the contract which need to be approved and registrated to enter into force according to the law. Such a contract is called an non-effective contract.The validity of the non-effective contract includes two aspects, namely positive effect and negative effect. Positive effect refers to the rights and rights requestof the parties to the contract, the negative effect is the obligations of the parties to the contract andperformanceoftheobligationsandliability fornon-performance ofobligations. Key words:non-effective contract;negativeeffect;positive effect II