论马克思对黑格尔的“世界历史理论”的继承与超越-马克思主义哲学专业论文.docxVIP

摘 摘 要 历史是什么?自从人类有文明以来，人这一“历史的动物’’就在不停地追问。人 们对历史的认识经历了漫长而迷茫的过程，到了黑格尔时代才逐渐变得清晰起来。黑 格尔站在前人的肩膀上，以“巨大的历史感来考察世界历史，达到了资产阶级思想 家在探讨社会历史问题方面所取得的最高成就。然而，他把整个物质世界变成了思想 世界，把历史变成了思想史，彻底掉进了唯心主义的泥潭。马克思在批判继承黑格尔 世界历史理论的合理内核的基础上，依据近代资本主义的历史现实，创立了科学的历 史唯物主义的世界历史理论。马克思从物质实践出发，认为世界历史出现的根本原因 在于生产力的普遍发展和由此而来的普遍交往；人的自由与全面发展是世界历史发展 的必然结果。马克思从生产力尺度和人的尺度两个方面来衡量和判断世界历史的发展， 实现了自然史和人类史的结合，完成了自然向人的自我生成的过程。从而在根本上实 现了对黑格尔世界历史理论的革命性变革，为我们提供了批判历史、认识现实、把握 未来的理论依据和方法论原则。本文从黑格尔世界历史理论的内容与基本特征、马克 思对黑格尔世界历史理论的继承与发展以及马克思世界历史理论的当代价值三个部分 来考察，试图去揭示马克思和黑格尔世界历史理论之间继承和批判的逻辑联系，旨在 新的历史条件下准确理解和把握马克思的世界历史理论，以寻求在当今社会历史境域 中的当代价值。 关键词：世界历史理论继承超越 On On Marx’s Inheritance and Transcendence to Hegel’S“theory of World History’’ Yao Zhiguo(Marxist Philosophy) Directed by ProL Lv Qianchang ABSTRACT What is the history?Ever since the dawn of civilization，People have always been kept asking；people’s understanding of history has experienced a long and confused process， Until Hegel era，it gradually became clear．Standing Oil the shoulders of their predecessors， Hegel，with”Great sense of history”，studied and investigated the world history,and reached the highest achievement which bourgeois thinker had achieved on what is social history．But he put the entire material world into the spiritual world，and took the mankind history as the history of ideas，completely fell into the idealism．On the basis of criticizing and inheriting reasonable COre of Hegel’S theory of world history,According to the historical realities of modem capitalism，Marx established scientific and historical materialism’S theory of world history．In terms of material Practice，Marx considered Universal development of productive forces and the resulting general communication as the root causes of the formation of world history；Man’S free and all-round development is the inevitable outcome of the development of world history．From both the productivity scale and human scale， Marx assessed and judged the development of world history,combined natural history and human his