英文科技文献以及翻译.doc

郑州大学信息工程学院科技文献翻译 Struts In Action 第 PAGE 11页 共 NUMPAGES 19页 Struts In Action TOC \o 1-3 \u 1 What is struts 2 2 Who makes the Struts software 2 2.1 Why is Struts open source 2 2.2 Why is it called Struts 3 3 What are application frameworks 3 3.1 Other types of frameworks 3 3.2 Enabling technologies 4 3.2.1 Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) 4 3.2.2 Common Gateway Interface (CGI) 5 3.2.3 Java servlets 5 3.2.4 JavaServer Pages 6 3.3 Enabling technologies 11 7 3.4.1 JSP tags 7 3.4.1 JavaBeans 8 3.4 Enabling technologies 111 8 4 Struts from 30,000 feet 9  What is struts Struts is open source software that helps developers build web applicationsquickly and easily. Struts relies on standard technologies—such as JavaBeans, Javaservlets, and Java Server Pages (JSP)—that most developers already know how touse. By taking a standards-based, “fill-in-the-blanks” approach to software development,Struts can alleviate much of the time-consuming grunt work that comeswith every new project. Who makes the Struts software Struts is hosted by the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) as part of its Jakartaproject. Besides Struts, Jakarta hosts several successful open source products,including Tomcat, Ant, and Velocity.The initial Struts codebase was developed between May 2000 and June 2001 when version 1.0 was released. More than 30 developers contributed to the Struts distribution, and thousands more follow the Struts mailing lists. The Struts codebase is managed by a team of volunteer “Committers.” By 2002, the Struts team included nine active Committers.The primary architect and developer of the Struts framework is Craig R.McClanahan. Craig is also the primary architect of Tomcat 4 and the implementationarchitect of the Java Web Services Developer Pack. He is now Sun’s specification lead for JavaServer Faces (JSR-127) as well as the Web Layer Architect for the Java 2 Enterprise Editi