十字花科8种植物叶表皮微形态特征及12种植物核型研究-作物遗传育种专业论文.docxVIP

I I 十字花科 8 种植物叶表皮微形态特征及 12 种植物核型研究 摘 要 利用光学显微镜观察了十字花科 8 种植物的叶表皮微形态。另利用细胞学方法，对 十字花科 12 种植物进行了核型研究。结果表明： （1）菘蓝属 3 个种与鸟头荠族的 5 个单种属植物叶的上下表皮细胞均存在着多边形 和不规则形的特征，差异不显著。8 种材料的气孔器类型表现的非常一致，即上下表皮 的气孔器类型均为不等细胞型并有少量的无规则型。在气孔大小、气孔指数和气孔密度 上表现出一定差异，但没有明显的规律。通过研究证实了菘蓝属与鸟头荠族的亲缘关系 较近。 （2）12 种植物的核型均为首次报道。分析了其染色体数目、随体数目和位置、核型 公式、核型类型、臂比、相对长度、核型不对称系数等内容，通过比较发现它们在核型 上存在一定的差异，可作为细胞学证据。核型公式分别为：中亚羽裂叶荠 Sophiopsis annua （Rupr.）O.E.Schlz 2n=2x=12=12m；绒毛假蒜芥 Sisymbriopsis mollipila(Maximowicz) Botschantzev 2n=2x=14=8m+6sm；对枝芥 Cithareloma vernum Bunge 2n=2x=12=8m+4sm； 无茎光籽芥 Leiospsra exscapa(C.A.Mey.)Dvorak 2n=2x=14=8m+6sm ；甘新念珠芥 Neotorularia korolkovi（Regel et Schmalh）O.E.Schulz 2n=2x=14=14m；绵果荠 Lachnoloma lehmannii Bunge 2n=2x=14=8m(2SAT)+6sm；扭果花旗杆 Dontostemon elegans Maxim 2n=2x=14=6m+8sm ；爪花芥 Oreoioma violaceum Botsch 2n=4x=28=28m ；棱果糖芥 Erysimum siliculosum（Marsch.von Beiberst）DC. 2n=2x=14=14m；团扇荠 Berteroa incana （L.）DC. 2n=2x=16=16m；芹叶荠 Smelowskia calycina（Steph.）C.A.Mey 2n=2x=12=12m； 菘蓝 Isatis tinctoria Linn. 2n=2x=22=20m+2sm。 关键词：菘蓝属；鸟头荠族；十字花科；叶表皮；细胞学；核型 II II Micromorphologic Characteristic of Leaf Epidermis of Eight Species and karyotype of Twelve Species in Brassicaceae Abstract Leaf epidermis of eight species of Brassicaceae are observated under light microscopy (LM), and karyotypes of twelve species are carried out in this paper. The main conclusions are as follows: The shapes of leaf epidermal cells of three species in Isatis and five monotypic genera of Eulidieae in this family were usually polygonal or irregular. There are no significant differences. The types of stomatal apparatuses of the upper and lower epidermis are very similar, which were mainly anisocytic, rarely anomocytic. The stomatal size, the stomatal index and the stomatal density showed some differences, but irregular. The resuit confirmed that Isatis is closely related to Euclidieae. It is first time to report the karyotypes of twelve species. The chromosome number, number and position of SAT, karyotype formula, karyo