论罗尔斯正义理论中的“原初状态理念”-外国哲学专业论文.docxVIP

义。当代政治哲学的主流自由主义和社群主义都从不同的角度对原初状态理念展 义。当代政治哲学的主流自由主义和社群主义都从不同的角度对原初状态理念展 开评论。激进自由主义者诺齐克在批判原初状态理念的基础上提出了其持有的正 义理论。社群主义的主要代表桑德尔批判了原初状态理念的自我概念，提出了环 境自我的概念。本文对原初状态理念所受到的这些挑战做出相关评论，并在此基 础上阐明其对当代政治哲学研究和社会发展的启示意义。具体说来，原初状态理 念促使了当代政治哲学主题由自由问题转向自由与平等的关系问题：它融合了现 实与理想、事实与价值，为当今政治哲学提供了一种可取的研究范式：它为正义 制度建构提供了道德基础，将制度的正义问题提上议事日程。另外，原初状态理 念为解决当今的全球正义问题，建立公正的国际新秩序和公平的国家分配制度也 具有重要的现实意义。 本文的主要目的在于全面系统地展现罗尔斯的原初状态理念，重新审视这一 理念，对其作出积极评价，凸显出其在罗尔斯的正义理论和整个政治哲学中的重 要地位。 关键词：原初状态理念 自由 平等 正义原则 自由主义 、、 分类号：B712 On On the Idea of the Original Position in RawIs’Theory of Justioe Abstract Rawls is the most important western political philosopher in the twentieth century．His theory of iustice as faimess has been regarded by western t11inkers as the quintessence which has grand system and exquisite thought．And as is known to all， his theory is established on the foundation ofthe idea ofthe original position which is the most characteristic and basic aspect of the theory of iustice．The idea of tlle original position not only has played the most important role in Rawls’theoretic system ofjustice，but also has aroused strong response and greatly pushed forward the development of western political Philosophy．In the view of that，this dissertation， from three angels，systematically expounds RaMs’idea of the original position as well as its significance，so that people can understand it more comprehensively and more precisely．Accordingly,this dissertation is mainly divided into three parts as following： Viewing from the interior ofthe idea ofthe original position．the first part ofthis dissertation dwells on the implication，content and character of it．The original position is the ideal background designed by Rawls in which a contract carl be concluded．The idea of original position is iust the expoundation of this state．As a new contract theory,it comprises the background and the object of choosing．The background of choosing is composed of moderate scarcity of the objective circumstalice and the