卢梭的浪漫主义-专门史专业论文.docxVIP

摘 摘 要 任何思想都是～定历史条件F的产物，卢梭的浪漫主义也不例 外。在18世纪法国启蒙运动中，当以伏尔泰为代表的启蒙思想家：陪 理性摆在至高无上的地位时，卢梭却指出理性不是万能的。他将道 德、情感，而不是科学、理性作为衡量社会和个人的标准，得出情 感高于理性、道德优丁．科学的结论，并发出“回归自然”的呐喊， 表现出强烈的浪漫主义倾向。 卢梭的浪漫主义贯穿于其思想学说中的各个领域，在哲学领域 表现为重感受、感性的感觉经验论，在宗教伦理领域表现为建立在 道德良知和自然情感之上的自然宗教，在社会历史领域表现为“回 归自然”的社会历史观，在政治领域表现为建立在道德基础J：、人 人平等的理想国，在教育领域表现为以“自然教育”培育其道德理 想国新人，在文学领域表现为其崇尚纯朴的自然，讴歌真挚的情感， 张扬自我的个性。 卢梭的浪漫主义使他超越启蒙运动，并因首开浪漫主义运动之 先河而成为“浪漫主义运动之父”。他的这一思想在历史和现实中得 到回应，在科学理性膨胀的今天，研究卢梭的浪漫主义仍有强烈的 现实意义。人类只有在实现情感和理性和谐统一的情况下，才能循 着健康、文明的道路迈向新的世纪。 关键词：卢梭浪漫主义 自然情感道德 AbstractAnv Abstract Anv thoughts are the results under certain historical conditions． Rousseau’S romanticism iS certainlY not an exception．When enlightened thinkers，represented by Voltair，took reason as supremacy in the French Enlightenment in the 1 8th century，Rousseau pointed out that reason was not omnipotent．He regarded morality and emotion，not science and reason as criterion of society and individual，and concluded that emotion was superior to science while morality to science．So he advocated“Go back to the nature”，demonstrating a strong tendency of romanticism． Rousseau’S romanticism permeated all fields of his thoughts and theories．In the field of philosophy,it manifested as the feeling— empiricism which emphasizes feeling and perceptual．In the field of religion and morality,it manifested as nature—religion based on morality．, conscience and natural emotion．In the field of society and history,it manifested as the conception of social．history of“Go back to the nature”．In the field of politics，it manifested as equally ideal state based on morality．In the field of education，it manifested as cultivating perfect people in his morally ideal state by“natural education”．While in the field of literacy,it manifested as upholding pure nature，singing the praises of sincere emotion and free personality of ego． Rousseau’S romanticism made him surmount the Enlightenment and become‘Father ofthe Romantic Movement’，because ofhis initiation of Romantic Movement．This though