系解06-02颅骨四肢骨培训课件.ppt

颅骨的整体观The skull as a whole 颅顶面观 The superior aspect of the skull 颅底内面观# The internal aspect of the cranial base 颅底外面观 The external aspect of the cranial base 颅侧面观 The lateral aspect of the skull 颅前面观 The anterior aspect of the skull 颅上面观 superior aspect of skull 枕外隆突 external occipital protuberance 颅盖的内面观 The internal aspect of the skull cap The internal surface of the cranial base 颅前窝The anterior cranial fossa 组成 主要结构 毗邻与相通 颅前窝The anterior cranial fossae 组成 主要结构 毗邻与相通 颅 前 窝 组成:由额骨、筛骨和蝶骨组成。 主要孔裂：有筛板、筛孔等。 通过的血管神经：容纳大脑的额叶。筛孔有嗅神经通过。 毗邻：借筛板与鼻腔相邻；借额骨眶部与眶相隔。 Anterior cranial fossa Anterior cranial fossa is formed by the frontal bone anteriorly and laterally, the ethmoid bone centrally, and the body and lesser wings of the sphenoid posteriorly. The greater part of the anterior cranial fossa is formed by orbital plates of the frontal bone, which support the frontal lobes of the brain and form the roofs of the orbits. The frontal crest is a median bony extension of the frontal bone, and the crista galli (cock’s comb) is a median ridge of bone that projects superiorly from the ethmoid. On each side of the crista galli is the cribriform plate of the ethmoid. 颅中窝The middle cranial fossa 组成 主要结构 毗邻与相通 颅中窝The middle cranial fossa 组成 主要结构 毗邻与相通 颅 中 窝 组成：由蝶骨、颞骨和顶骨组成。 主要孔裂及其通过的血管神经：容纳大脑的颞叶。视神经管，有视神经和眼动脉通过。眶上裂，有动眼神经、滑车神经、三叉神经的眼神经、展神经和眼静脉通过；圆孔，有三叉神经的上颌神经通过；卵圆孔，有三叉神经的下颌神经通过；棘孔，有脑膜中动脉通过。 Middle cranial fossa Anterior cranial fossa is formed by the greater wings of the sphenoid, squamous parts of the temporal bones laterally, and petrous parts of the temporal bones posteriorly. The lateral parts of the middle cranial fossa are posteroinferior to the anterior cranial fossa and support the temporal lobes of the brain. 颅后窝The posterior cranial fossa 组成 主要结构 毗邻与相通 颅 后 窝 组成：主要由枕骨和颞骨岩部后面组成。 主要孔裂及其通过的血管神经：枕骨大孔，与椎管相通，延髓与脊髓相延续，有椎动脉和副神经的脊髓根通过；舌下神经管，有舌下神经通过；颈静脉孔，有舌咽、迷走、副神经通过，且颈内静脉与乙状窦在此延续；内耳门，通内耳道，有面神经、前庭蜗神经和迷路血管通过。 Posterior cranial fossa The posterior cra