英语非谓语动词的时态和语态.pptVIP

* 非谓语动词的时态和语态 不定式的时态与语态: 1.不定式的时态与语态的基本形式（以do为例） 主动语态 被动语态 一般式 to do to be done 进行式 to be doing 无 完成式 to have done to have been done 完成进行式 To have been doing 无 不定式一般式的用法: ⑴ 表示将来,即表示发生在谓语动作之后的动作: We decided to leave early. He asked me to buy him some paper. ⑵表示与谓语动作同时发生或略先于谓语动作的动作: Who heard him say that? I’m sorry to hear that. 不定式进行式的用法: ⑴表示与谓语动作同时发生且正在进行的动作: He seems to be saying something. He is thought to be hiding in the woods. ⑵正如可用进行式表将来一样,不定式进行式有时也 可表将来: The old man seems to be dying. He was happy to be coming home. 不定式的完成式. 表示在谓语动作之前发出的动作。 The novel was said to have been published. I mean to have told you about it, but I forgot to do so. ⑵表示过去未曾实现的愿望: I should like to have come earlier. We were to have been married last year.（我们原打算去年结婚。） 不定式完成进行式的用法: 表示在谓语动作之前一直在进行的动作: You seem to have been writing very long. The battle was said to have been going on for two days. 主动语态 被动语态 一般式 to do to be done 进行式 to be doing 无 完成式 to have done to have been done 完成进行式 To have been doing 无 分词的时态与语态: 主动形式 被动形式 现在分词 一般式 doing being done 完成式 having done having been done 过去分词 一般式 done 无 1.doing(一般式)表示的动作可以与谓语动作同时,也可以在谓语动作之前或之后,有时没有明确的先后关系: ⑴与谓语动作同时发生: He kept smiling. Everyone is practicing speaking English. ⑵发生在谓语动作之后（固定用法） He advised leaving early. Would you mind opening the window? ⑶发生在谓语动作之前（固定用法） : I remember mailing the letter. ⑷没有明确的先后关系（泛指、常理）: Teaching is learning. Learning a foreign language is not easy. 2.having done: 动名词完成式主要表示发生在谓语动作之前的动作或状态: He forgot having promised to write her. I have no idea of his having done such a thing. *