沈葆桢外交思想与实践述论-中国近现代史专业论文.docxVIP

摘要 沈葆桢作为晚清重臣，对中国晚清社会的内政外交都产生过重大影响。他虽不是晚清 外交的灵魂人物，也未能形成一套完整的外交理论体系，但其外交思想与外交实践却是晚 清外交的重要组成部分。本文拟就沈葆桢外交思想形成的渊源、主要内容作一初步探讨， 并对其外交思想与实践活动作一扼要评述。 首先，探讨了沈葆桢外交思想形成的渊源。从家庭教育的熏陶和传统经世爱国观念的 影响两方面来展开。 其次，阐述了沈葆桢外交思想与实践的主要内容。主要包括三个方面的内容：其一： “权自我操”，维护国家主权和民族利益。这主要体现在他与英法斗争，维护船政主权； 对日交涉，保护台湾；与英交涉，保护铁路主权等涉外活动中。其二：不妥协，不迁就， 维护现存利益。这从他妥善平息教案 、识破西班牙讹诈阴谋等处理涉外事件中得到了充 分体现。其三：增强国力，为外交提供坚强后盾。这主要体现为他主张积极引进外国先进 技术、雇佣洋员、发展近代军事企业；创办学堂、派遣留学生、培养海军人才；开发台湾、 加强内政、防御外敌等方面。 再次，对沈葆桢的外交思想及外交实践进行了简要评述。沈葆桢的外交实践活动在维 护国家主权和民族利益、推动中国外交近代化的进程、拓展和丰富清朝政府对外交涉的经 验等方面都作出了积极贡献。但他仍未能跳出封建意识的窠臼和传统外交思想的束缚，故 而不可避免地存在着某些局限性，具有守旧和不成熟的一面。 关键字：沈葆桢 外交思想 外交实践 Abstract ShenBaoZhen was a minister in late Qing dynasty, a successful people in Chinese modern history and he had a crucial affection in late Qing dynasty. He was not the soul of diplomacy in character at that time and his methods about diplomacy could not come into being a whole diplomatic system, yet his diplomatic thoughts and activities played an important part in late Qing dynasty. This paper is mainly talking about the origin of his diplomatic thoughts, the content of his diplomatic thoughts, and my commentary about his thoughts and activities. First of all, on ShenBaozhens diplomatic thought forms the origin. From the family education, e influence of traditional concept of patriotism in two aspects. Secondly, this paper expounds the main content of ShenBaoZhens diplomatic thoughts and activities at three parts. The first part mainly express “the right to self-operation”, safeguarding national sovereignty and national interests. This part mainly takes struggling maintenance ship sovereignty with British and French, negotiating with Japan to defend Taiwan as example. The second part takes handling the crash about religion to protect civil rights, seeing through Spains blackmail to safeguard sovereignty as example, in order to point out his sprit no compromise. The third part, he pointed out china should swell national strength to provide strong diplomatic backin