矿山微震监测系统数据采集与定位方法研究-矿业工程专业论文.docxVIP

内蒙古科技大学硕士学位论文 内蒙古科技大学硕士学位论文 万方数据 万方数据 摘 要 在对矿山岩体发生破坏的控制和预防中，微震监测技术已成为矿山实时监测中最 先进有效的技术手段，可是在实际应用中，地震信号去噪、初至到时拾取以及微震震 源定位依旧是关键问题。为了完成对山东归来庄矿岩体稳定性实时有效监测的目的， 设计了一套微地震监测系统，并针对以上三个方面的问题展开系统的研究。 由于微震信号具有非平稳特征，特地使用小波阈值去噪方法对原始信号进行去噪 处理。对比信号处理前后发现，处理后信号有能力保有原始信号相关细节，由此发现 去噪后的信号足以完成微震波到时拾取工作，所以得出小波阈值去噪原理可广泛应用 于矿山微地震监测的结论。 通过函数优化拟合的方法，提出一种基于微地震波形的到时拾取方法。研究发现， 信号到时拾取结果受采样频率影响较小；而分析时窗的选择，对到时拾取结果影响较 大，在时窗完全覆盖波峰时到时拾取结果良好。 提出了一种基于地震波形的震源定位方法。在波形定位正常的情况下，求解结果 不会发散，此外该算法对传感器布网的要求较低，从而可以提高定位精度。本文爆破 事件的定位分析说明，基于波形的定位方法可在矿山工程实践中广泛应用。 根据归来庄矿的实际情况，在分析归来庄矿岩石特性后，编译了一套和微震监测 系统相配套的软件，该软可以对信号进行采集、存储、处理。 关键词：信号采集；信号去噪；到时拾取；定位方法；微震监测 I Abstract In mine rock destruction occurred in the control and prevention, Micro-seismic monitoring technique has become the most advanced real-time monitoring and effective techniques, but in practice, the seismic signal de-noising, when beginning to pick up and still Micro-seismic source location is the key issue. In order to complete the return of Shandong Coal Mine effective real-time monitoring of rock mass stability purposes, we designed a set of micro-seismic monitoring systems and research systems for the commencement of the above three aspects of the problem. Because of Micro-seismic signal has a non-stationary characteristics, specifically the use of wavelet threshold method to the original noise signal. Thus found before and after signal processing, post-processing signal has the ability to retain the original signal details, thus found noise signal sufficient to complete seismic micro to the pick-up work, so come wavelet threshold principle can be widely used in mining micro-seismic monitoring conclusions. Applying the optimization method of function regression, this work suggests an algorithm for identifying and picking up the first arrival-time of the micro-seismic wave on the basis of the waveform; and analysis window choice of when to pick up the results of greater impact, the time window is completely covered peaks to the pick-up good results. A sou