轮机英语新教材电子版Lesson27 Marine Generator.docVIP

Unit3 Marine Electrization and Automatization Lesson27 Marine Generator Direct current generators A current is produced when a single coil of wire is rotated in a magnetic field. When the current is collected using a ring which is split into two halves, that is, a commutator, a direct or single direction current is produced. The current produced may be increased by the use of many turns of wire and addition magnetic rields. With many coil connected to the commutator , sparking will occur as the current collecting brushes move across the insulated segments. Commutating poles or interpoles are used to reduce this sparking. They are in fact electromagnets having a polarity the same as the main pole which follows in direction of rotation. The magnetic field between the poles is produced by what are known as “field coils”. These coils are excited or energized by the current produced in the machine. The soft iron core of the field coils retains some magnetism which enables a preliminary current generation to build up eventually to the full machine output. The field windings can be connected to the output current in a number of ways-shut, series or compound. The compound wound arrangemend is usual since it provides the best voltage characteristics. The compound wound generator has two sets of field coils. The shunt coil has many turns of fine wire and the series coil has a few turns of heavy wire. The shunt field produces full voltage on no-load which falls off as the load increases. Properly combined or compounded the result is a fairly constant voltage over a range of load. Alternating current generators A coil of wire rotating in a magnetic field produces a current. The current can be brought out to two slip rings which are insulated from the shaft Carbon bushes rest on these rings as they rotate and collect the current for use in an external circuit. Current collected in this way will be alternating, additional sets of poles may be introduced. The magnetic field is p