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Journal of Materials Processing Technology Residual stresses in a stress lattice—Experiments and finite element simulations. 材料加工技术杂志 在应力框架中的残留应力——实验和有限元模拟。 Article information article history: Received 6 May 2008 Received in revised form 28 October 2008 Accepted 13 November 2008 文章信息： 文章履历： 于2008年5月6日收到。 于2008年10月28日收到修正版。 于2008年11月13日正式确定。 Keywords: Residual stresses Stress lattice Grey iron Finite elements Thermomechanics Casting 关键词： 残留应力 应力框架 灰口铸铁 有限元 热力变形学 铸造 Abstract 摘要： In this work, residual stresses in a stress lattice are studied. The residual stresses are both measured and simulated. The stress lattice is casted of low alloyed grey cast iron. In fact, nine similar lattices are casted and measured. 在这项工作中，将要研究应力框架中的残留应力。包括对残留应力的测量和模拟。应力框架是由低合金灰铸铁铸造得到的。事实上，有九个相似的框架被铸造和测量。 The geometry of the lattice consists of three sections in parallel (Fig 1) .The diameter of the two outer sections are thinner than the section in the middle. When the stress lattice cools down, this difference in geometry yields that the outer sections start to solidify and contract before the section in the middle. 框架的几何形状包含三个平行的部件(如图1)。外边两个部件的直径小于中间的部件。当应力框架冷却下来，几何变形的不同之处体现在外边的部件在中间的部件之前开始凝固和收缩。 Finally, an equilibrium state, with tensile stresses in the middle and compressive stresses in the outer sections, is reached. The thermo-mechanical simulation of the experiments is performed by using Abaqus. The thermo-mechanical solidification is assumed to be uncoupled. 最终产生一个以中间部件体现拉应力两边部件体现压应力的平衡状态。这个实验的热机械模拟是在Abaqus软件上执行的。在热机械凝固中被假定为耦合 First a thermal analysis, where the lattice is cooled down to room temperature, is performed. Latent heat is included in the analysis by letting the fraction of solid be a linear function of the temperature in the mushy zone. 首先是热分析，将框架冷却至室温，潜热的分析是包含在分析一小部分的固体在糊状温度时的线性函数里。 After the thermal analysis a quasi-static mechanical analysis is performed where the temperature history is considered to be the external force. A rate-independent J2-plasticity