联结词“或者”的逻辑分析-逻辑学专业论文.docxVIP

PAGE PAGE 4 摘要 “或者”是运用比较广泛的联结词，是选言命题中必不可少的常项，在语言、 逻辑、语用等方面有着非常重要的作用。本论文在前人研究的基础上，第二章首先 探讨了中西选言命题及选言推理思想的演化。春秋战国时期的孟子、墨子，三四十 年代的王焕章、范寿康、金岳霖等学者，当代的周礼全、李先焜等诸多论文、著作、 教材均对逻辑联结词“或者”进行了研究。西方的麦加拉—斯多葛学派、波伊提乌、 阿维森那，近现代汉米尔顿、布尔、弗雷格、罗素等都从不同方面对“或者” 的内 容和形式进行了论证。第三章探讨了“或者”联结的选言命题以及一些相关联的性 质，联结词的意义，“或者”和“∨”，日常语言联结词“或者”与逻辑联结词“或 者”的联系与区别等。第四章从不同的角度、根据不同的标准，将自然语言中“或” “或者”的语义选择分为相容和不相容、显性和隐性、并列、递进、假设等类别。 由于自然语言的模糊性与不确定性, 因此“或者”及“或者”句式的语义具有多样 性和歧义性等。第五章以法律条文中和文学作品中出现的“或者”为重点，从层级 混合的角度对法律条文中“或者”的表述层级差进行了语用分析，总结出“语义的 完整性和语境的综合因素决定同层级成分‘或者’的使用”等语用规则；从讲究音 节的匀称与和谐等方面分析了文学作品中用“或”和“或者”的根据；从讲究思想 感情表达的准确和细腻等方面论述了“或者”的表意功能。 关键词：联结词； 或者； 选言理论； 语义分析； 语用规则 Abstract “Huozhe” is a conjunction applied widely and a necessary constant in disjunctive proposition, it has its very important function at the field of language,logic,pragmatics.At first I inquired into the evolve of the eastern and western disjunctive proposition and disjunctive inference in the second chapter at the base of the senior’s research.Many paper,works,textbooks made a definition from Mencius,Mohism in the Period of Spring and Autumn and Warring States to the scholar of Wang Huanzhang, Fan Shoukang,Jin Yuelin etc at thirties of the 19th century,and then to Zhou Liquan,Li Xiankun etc at the present age.At western many scholars illustrated the content or form of “Huozhe” in different aspects,the scholars are the school of Mijla—Sduge, Boethius, Awisna,the logicians such as Hamilton, Boole, Frege, Russell.In the third chapter,I inquired into the disjunctive proposition joined by “Huozhe” and some other character related, the sense of conjunction, “Huozhe”and “∨”, daily language conjunction “Huozhe ” and logical conjunction “Huozhe ”etc. In No,4 chapter I divided the selecting semantic meaning’s classification of “Huozhe” “Huo” into inclusive and exclusive, dominance and covert gender, paralleled, successive, assume etc from different angles and rules. As the daily language has obscure and undefinement, the