由形构到解构社会结构.PDFVIP

2000 3 :“”“”＊ ———结构功能主义、结构主义和后结构主义理论之走向 周　　　怡 　　Abstract:This article makes an essential summary and comment on the theories of social structure from twoaspects.(1)Indicating the conception of social structureand its accumulating development through reviewing the main structural ideas among the kinds of sociological schools.(2)Putting forwards the differentiation and tends of three struc- tural theories by commenting and inducing.The papersconclusion is that with the the- oretical path of structure-functionalism, structuralism and post-structuralism, structure himself has gone through the process from construct to deconstruct.In other words, the three theories development has indicated the translation which structural conception is from macro to micro,from object(structure determination)to subject(personality deter- mine)and then to disappearing.This theoretical tend is one of basic factors leading to Structural theorys explaining power declined. , , (W.. Sewell,Jr., 1992:1)。,、、 、, , 。, 、。, 。 、 , 。(Comte,A.)、(Spencer, .)(Durkheim, E.) ,。 , ,, 。 “”, 。,, ;,, , “ ”;, “”;, “” ＊, 。 55 (Comte,A., 1975:241—242)。, ———, 、。 。、 , ,, 。,。,, “”、“”“”(Spencer, ., 1925:505)。, ,, , 。 ,, :(1), ;(2); (3)(Durkheim, E., 1964a)。, ——— 。,, , , 。,。 ,, ,“”; , “”。,, 。, (Durkheim,E., 1964b:chapter 2—3)。, , , 。 ,;, 。 ,, ,、 。“, 。”(、, 1972:82) :“”“”, , ;, , ;。 ,。,,, ,(、、) 。 。 , ,, :, , ; , , , 。 ,“”。 56 、 :, , (、、);, ,, , , 。,“”, , 、、 (, 1985:25)。 () 20 60 ,,(Parsons, T.) 。,, 。 《》(1951),,, 、“”, “”、“ ”、“”“”。 , :“”;“”;“ ”;“”。, 、、 ,;, ,(Parsons,T., 1951)。,。