消化系统药物 gastrointestinal drugs幻灯片.ppt

* NANC：non-adrenergic non-cholinergic neuron * Opioids increase colonic phasic segmenting activity through inhibition of presynaptic cholinergic nerves in the submucosal and myenteric plexuses and lead to increased colonic transit time and fecal water absorption. Although all opioids have antidiarrheal effects, central nervous system effects and potential for addiction limit the usefulness of most. Loperamide is a nonprescription opioid agonist that does not cross the blood-brain barrier and has no analgesic properties or potential for addiction. Diphenoxylate is another opioid agonist that h