第二章-汉英翻译技巧.pptVIP

第二章 汉英翻译技巧（词语） 傅敬民 第一节 对等问题 The particular language with which we live is not closed off against what is foreign to it. Two words are rarely identical between two languages and even within the same language Human societies with their own cultural, political and social conditions and circumstances are never duplicate. No two snow-flakes are alike. Example 1 人们都在讲南北问题很突出，我看这个问题就是发展问题。 Everybody is saying that the North-south problem is most outstanding. In view, this, in fact, is an issue of development. How about using very serious? Example 2 其实中年人是人生盛华的开始，不应贪懒，不应享受。 In actual fact, middle age represents the prime of one’s life, allowing no indolenec, no enjoyment. Example 3 周末和女友逛水果店，她挑最红最大的买，生怕春色不够似的；我则逗留在顶边上的柜台，那儿不起眼地堆着我一个冬天未见的青苹果。 what can be equivalent and what can not? Last weekend my girl friend and I visited one fruit shop. She laid her hands on the biggest and the reddest, as if she had not had enough of the color of spring, whereas I stayed before the farthest counter where green apples were piled inconspicuously, which I had missed for the whole winter. Example 4 人民犯了法，也要受处罚，也要坐班房。 你们偶然看见一棵花生瑟缩在地上，不能立刻辨出它有没有果实，非得等到你接触它才能知道。 When anyone among the people breaks the law, he too should be punished, imprisoned. When you come upon a peanut plant lying curled up on the ground, you can never immediately tell whether or not it bears any nuts until you dig it up. Attention ! Conceptual meaning Associated meaning Social meaning Emotive meaning Reflected meaning Collocation meaning Thematic meaning (Leech) Approaches to words translating Equivalence Paraphrase Amplification Ellipsis Combination Conversion 遇事多和别人商量。 这家伙背景复杂，不大讲面子。 他们讲唯心论，我们讲唯物论。 Consult others when problems arise. The fellow has all kinds of dubious connections and he is no great respecter of persons. They preach idealism whereas we advocate materialism. 不许他给我们集体脸上抹黑。 亲不亲，一家人嘛。 大家齐心了，一切事情都好办了。 We are not going to let him bring shame on our collective. Relative or not, we are one family. When we