湖南师范大学考博英语真题2009答案解析.docVIP

湖南师范大学考博英语真题2009答案解析 Part ⅠReading Comprehension Passage 1 1.答案D 解析：根据第一段After a while, people became attached to one brand and sales leveled off (stage of maturity).在这句话中，关键词leveled off 的意思是“呈平稳状态”，所以只有D 符合此意。 2.答案D 解析：由第一段的When it was introduced, most people did not like it as well as “regular” coffee, and it took several years to gain general acceptance可知新产品在刚开始时难以让消费者接受。四个选项中符合这个意思的只有D。 3.答案A 解析：根据第二段的第一句话The importance of the product life cycle to marketers is this: Different stages in the product life cycle call for different strategies.可知产品策略在产品销售中至关重要。只有了解产品销售环节中的四个阶段才能制定相应的策略。 4.答案B 解析：根据第二段的最后的一句话One strategy is called market modification. It means that marketing managers look for new users and market sections. Did you know, for example, that the backpacks that so many students carry today were originally designed for the military? 可知“look for new users and market sections寻找新的市场的重要性”，即B选项中的exploring new market sections。 5.答案C 解析：根据最后一段的Another product extension strategy is called product modification. It involves changing product quality, features, or style to attract new users or more usage from present users.四个选项中只有C“re-positioning their product”不在这句话的范围内。 Passage 2 6.答案B 解析：细节题。第一段指出了人类暴力的两个特性，其中第二个特性就是它是“a learned behavior”。可以知道本题的答案应该就在第一段的后面部分。接下来的第二句话即说人类暴力的诸多表现形式都受社会习惯的制约：The many expressions of human violence are always conditioned by social conventions that give shape to aggressive behavior.?人类暴力的诸多表现形式都受社会习惯的制约，将其定型为侵略性行为。由此可较有把握地选择出B。 7.答案A 解析：细节题。见第二段的第一句话：The violence within a society is controlled through institutions of law。 8.答案D 解析：逻辑推断题。解题时要注意题干中这句话开头的“but”一词，既然该句是由but引导的转折，则上文往往是理 解该题的关键。在上面一句中，作者提到在部落社会中，对犯罪者的审判和惩罚往往由家族进行，接下来话锋 一转，说在法律系统中，这种报复的责任已经非个人化了、分散了，也就是说，不是由所涉及的个人来进行了 ，故D）正确。 9.答案 A 解析：词汇题。解本题可用同类词关系进行判断。在“allegiance”前后的两个主词分别是commitment和 sacrifice ，应能判断出这三个词相对于国家而言是同一类词，再利用排除法，不难选出正确答案A 10.答案D 解析：主旨大意题。最后一段的主旨较为明显，说的是国家司法机器的另一方面，即军事机器，开头第二句说得很明确，这一方面是为了国家的利益而牺牲个人，恰好是选项D的意义。 Passage 3 11.答案B 解析：属事实细节题。文中第一段提到“we all make mist