梭罗‘超越式’人际伦理观之研究.PDFVIP

37 103 4 207-224 Yu Da Academic Journal Vol.37, April 2014, pp. 207-224. 梭羅「超越式」人際倫理觀之研究 涂成吉 摘要 美國文學詩人梭羅（Henry David Thoreau, 1817~1862 ）的「簡約」樂活哲學， 除要求個人「物質的簡單」，然眾所略者，梭羅實益要求個人「感情之簡約」， 由此創造一著重精神溝通，「超越（transcending ）」親情、友情與愛情倫常層次 的人際關係。這也是當大部人沉醉於梭羅逍遙天地，慢活自在時，卻鮮少發現梭 羅人間感情之際遇，其實坎坷淒涼，大異他華爾騰湖(Walden)濱生活外表之恬淡、 浪漫。 綜觀梭羅一生人情際遇，的確有令人探索的疑問。他終生未娶，一生僅有和西 沃爾（Ellen Sewell ）女士公開之愛情，卻求婚被拒，爾後，與愛默生夫人（Lidian Emerson ）精神式的暗戀；友情上，梭羅與亦師亦友，如兄如父之愛默生（Ralph W. Emerson ），卻終以決裂；人生最後階段，竟以極端廢奴主義者約翰布朗（John Brown ）為師，叫人錯愕不解。這亦說明梭羅時受世人嘲諷之不切實際與怪誕，與 其說來自他「簡約生活」的高調，其實與他大異既定倫常之「超越式」人際哲學 更有關係。 關鍵字：華爾騰湖、超越主義、簡約生活、愛默生、約翰布朗 * / - 207 - 育達科大學報．第 37 期．民國 103 年 4 月 On Thoreau’s “ Transcending Ethics” Chen-chi, TU * Abstract Henry D. Thoreau (1817~1862) experimented a “transcendentalist” life between 1845 and 1847 beside Walden Pond. In his “own little world”, Thoreau lived alone in the cabin a “Life of Simplicity” to fulfill a sort of Utopian days - “not how much we get, but how less to be satisfied.” While Thoreau develops a subtle solitude from the society, he also cultivates a spiritual type of “transcending “ human relations. This paper will take an insight into Thoreau’s particular “transcending” ethics on his friendship and love as well as his judgment on maintenance of these relationships. It is well known that Thoreau’s independent life is in a high degree characterized by his alienation from the society. However, that life also requires strictly an “emotional simplicity”. Thoreau’s emotional simplicity can be exemplified in his dealing with his intellectual contemporaries and close friends. Their interaction influenced his life : his breaking with Ralph Emerson and Ellery Channing, h