科举制与宋代音韵学发展-历史文献学专业论文.docxVIP

内容摘要宋朝是中国历史上经济与文化教育最繁荣的时代之一，儒学复 内容摘要 宋朝是中国历史上经济与文化教育最繁荣的时代之一，儒学复 兴，从宋代开始中国步入了科举社会，朝廷、士大夫及学术文化经由 科举而紧密结合。科举制度的兴起，促进了音韵学的发展，这和科举 诗赋取士和经义取士都有关系，诗赋和经义是促进音韵学发展的两条 主要脉络，不能把它们分裂开探讨。由于诗赋的重要，用韵甚至决定 了科举考试的进退，这种情况下，促进了韵书的编纂，尤其宋代是官 修韵书最为兴盛的时期。随着科举经义的重要性一再增强，读经的需 要刺激宋代古音学也萌芽成熟起来，出现了叶音这种注音方式，到了 吴械的《诗补音》，古音学作为一门学科确立下来。经义取士的需要 也促进了经注的发展，《字说》是完全为了科举考试而创作的，它在 语言学上的价值与历史文化分不开，其他的经典音注都有了长足发 展。科举制度与宗教发展也刺激了等韵学的发展，宋代是等韵学峰起 的时期，等韵学理论和等韵图都达到了成熟状态，不但有表现《切韵》 系统的韵图，也有表现时音的韵图。在宋代出现了大量音韵学作品， 是保留给我们的重要的文献资料。同时，科举制度的发展带动了经济 与文化的发展，最主要的是科举制度的改革促进了教育事业的大幅度 提升，由此带动了图书编纂的兴旺发达，在这种情况下，各个学科都 得到发展，因此涉及各学科的图书也兴盛起来，对这些书籍的音注也 随之发展起来。所以音韵学能在宋代发展到高峰和当时的社会文化经 济背景都分不开，只有理清音韵学发展的时代背景，才能真正找出音 韵学发展变革的内在因素。 关键词： 宋代 科举音韵学 韵书韵书音注 AbstractSong Abstract Song Dynasty iS one of the most prosperOllS periods in economy, culture and education in the history of China．After the Confucianism restores Song Dynasty has stepped into the society of imperial examinations．The imperial court keeps a close contact with scholar-officials and academic culture owning to the system of imperial examinations．The revival of imperial examinations system boosts the development of Phonology,which iS contacted with the systems of recruiting 0伍cials by poems．verses and confucian books which are the two key clues for the development of Phonology．Thev are so important 廿1at they can’t be discussed separately,for the poems and verses determine the advance and retreat of Phonology． Under this circumstance they boost the compositions of phonological books especially in such a periold that the phonological books are most composed by the imperial government．With the importance of confucian books elevating in the imperial examinations the demand of reading confuclan books stimulates the mature of Phonology,and then Ye Sound which iS a new type of sound gloss appears．、胁en comes to the Wu Yu¨S ShiBu砌the old Phonology has been established as a new subject．Recruiting officials by confucian books boosts the development of glossing for the confucian books．Zi