地形拖曳与举力.ppt

地形拖曳与举力 南京大学大气科学学院 中尺度灾害性天气教育部重点实验室 王元 Xu, X., M. Xue, and Yuan Wang(2013): Gravity wave momentum flux in directional shear flows over three-dimensional mountains: Linear and nonlinear numerical solutions as compared to linear analytical solutions. J. Geophy. Res., 118,1–12, DOI: 10.1002/jgrd.50471 Xin Xu, Yuan Wang(Corresponding Author) and Ming Xue, 2012: Momentum Flux and Flux Divergence of Gravity Waves in Directional Shear Flows over Three-dimensional Mountains. J. Atmos. Sci. 69(12): 3733-3744 唐锦赟：由复杂地形触发的重力波地表拖曳问题的计算及其参数化方案设计的理论研究（硕士论文） 王宛亭：中国中东部地区Pielke地形谱解析及大气重力波拖曳（硕士论文） Yuan WANG, CAI Ning-Hao and TANG Jin-Yun (2008): A Two-wave Scheme for Orographic Gravity Wave Drag Parameterization. Acta Meteor. Sinica. 22(2):152-161 TANG Jin-yun, TANG Jie and Yuan WANG(Corresponding Author)(2007):Analytical investigation on 3D non-Boussinesq mountain wave drag for wind profiles with vertical variations. Applied Mathematics and Mechanics, 28(3): 317-325. Scientific Motivation 北半球中纬度冬季纬向平均风 拖曳力（湍流动量通量） 王宛亭（2003） McFarlane(1987) 风速过强 温度过低 Scientific Motivation Polar Westerly Bias S N North Hemisphere 引言（三）重力波拖曳参数化示意图 Dissipation U(z) Wave stress Scientific Motivation Surface Drag 来流 减速 加速 地表面 Bernoulli定理 高气压扰动 低气压扰动 地表拖曳 地形重力波拖曳（TGWD）的双波参数化方法可有效解决西风偏差 (westerly bias)的问题 北半球中纬度冬季纬向平均风 地形拖曳力的垂直廓线 平流层顶西 风急流位置 地形重力波拖曳（TGWD）的双波参数化准确地再现了当TGWD增强，平流层顶西 风急流减弱的过程 TANG Jin-yun (2007); Yuan WANG(2008) Scientific Question 地表拖曳≈地表扰动动量垂直传输 各高度拖曳 ≈各高度扰动动量垂直传输 p1 p2 u 各高度拖曳的垂直变化 ≈各高度扰动动量垂直传输的垂直变化 举力（Lifting Force) ＝ (Xin Xu, Yuan Wang(2012), JAS) ／ Scientific Question 风速随高度发生方向旋转时，地表净拖曳矢量与地表风速矢量不重合，表现出举力特征。唐锦赟(2005) τ Lifting Effect streamline Lift Method Equation Perturbation Wave + Topography Drag Lifting Theoretical Framework(Eq.+ Perturbation) Theoretical Framework (Wave) Theoretical Framework (Wave) Observation of Mountain Waves Cap Clouds Foehn Effect L. and Rotor Clouds Theoretical Framework (Drag ) Theoretical Framework (Drag ) Surface Drag Drag at z-level Theoretic