四级写作—开头和结尾.pptVIP

Writing ---Lecture Two ： 英汉语思维模式比较 英语 演绎推理式 直线式 直接切题 果在前，因在后 由主到次 汉语 总结归纳式 联想式 形散神不散 先因后果 由次到主 英汉说明文比较 英语 直线式 逆潮式（高潮先至） “路标式”连接手段 重过程、重原因 解决问题式 汉语 圆式（迂回式） 逐步达到高潮 时空顺序、自然铺排式 重结果、重内容 现象罗列式 英汉论说文比较 英语 非此即彼 一切二分 一边倒 汉语 彼此彼此 一分为二 中庸 Ways to hold the reader’s interest: 直叙法---针对问题，开门见山 问题法---用一个发人深思的反问或者设问开头。 事实法---用具有典型意义的例子,小故事或者亲身经历引出主题; 也可以通过数据描写引出文章要讨论的问题或者倾向 引语法---用名人名言或者俗语开始。 对立法---用错误的观点或做法引入。 注意： 言简意赅--- 用一两句话过渡到主题 正文部分(body paragraph) 在三段式作文中，正文部分一般是中间的一段。作为文章的主体论述部分，这个部分主要是对第一段提出的论点从不同方面进行推理，论证，阐述或说明。 正文部分应注意的三点 一致性(Unity) 切题性(Relevance) 连贯性(Coherence) 一致性 主题句的要求 主题句应具有概括性。主题句概括范围既不可太宽，也不能太窄。 _________________________. Physical exercises can increase the circulation of the blood. Hence, more oxygen is taken into and more waste is expelled out of the body. In addition, physical exercises can increase the appetite and digestion. Moreover, sports make our minds sound. While playing, we take our mind off our work and study. As a result, our minds are relaxed. Sports play an important role in our life. Sports help us eat more. Sports help everyone keep healthy. Exercises on Topic Sentence 写出下列段落的主题句： __________________________________. Firstly, it provides opportunities for people to taste exotic food and to know exotic customs. Secondly, through traveling, one can make friends along the way. Thirdly, in traveling, people can broaden their horizon, enrich their experience, and expand their scope of knowledge. (2) ______________________________________. The teachers in the West attach much importance to the development of students’ individualism; while in Asia, the teachers hold the belief for group goals and purposes rather than individualism. Differently, in the American classroom, the students often conduct discussion to form their own ideas and opinions; and Asian students just listen to what the teachers say, without much discussion. In contrast, the Western students seldom memorize information, while the students in Asia usually recite rule