质性研究资料搜集.ppt

每一行都有每一行的行話或術語，高至學術殿堂，小至理髮、「黑手」業界，或特殊族群，如情報工作、同志圈、黑社會。行話有它的明確目的，是給「圈內人」聽的，有時擺明就是故意不讓外人聽懂的「通關密語」。但，行話與術語的「圈內」目的，若擺錯了地方，就常發生了圈子封閉與排他性的問題。 Non-verbal communication - Body language, facial expressions, how people choose to arrange themselves in a room for a group session, customary and accepted ways of greeting one another - all contribute to your accurately and completely documenting the true lived experience. Documents - Examples include policy manuals, training materials, minutes of meetings, computerized data files, etc. These are particularly valuable in comparing whether programs and policies in the field -- as per your on-site observations -- are indeed being carried out and working as intended -- as per the documents. Observing what does not happen other surprise findings - An example of the first, or what does not happen: Say that a counseling session for teenage girls with eating disorders is intended to be highly participative in nature, at least according to the training manuals. but you observe some of these sessions in action and you consistently notice that the girls do not speak up, volunteer their own experiences, share their own management of the disease, etc. Rather, you notice that the counselor seems to be sort of top-down controlling the conversation - doing most of the talking in the form of directives and suggestions. Noticing and recording that an intended event (clients freely initiate conversation) did not happen may be a goldmine discovery to program planners. They now have information that the program, for whatever reason(s), is not being implemented as planned. This discovery and mismatch, in turn, can spur further investigations as to why such intended outcomes are not occurring. 3、when何時？（有關的行為或事件是什麼時候發生的？這些行為或事件持續了多久？事件或行為出現的頻律是多少？） 4、where何地？（這個行為或事件是在哪裡發生的？這個地點、場景有什麼特色？其他地方是否也發生過類似的行為或事件？這個行為或事件與其他地方發生的行為或事件有什麼不同？） 5、how如何？（這件事是如何發生的？事情的各個方面相互之間存在什麼樣的關係？有什麼明顯的規範或規則？這個事件是否與其他事件有所不同？） 6、why為什麼？（為麼這些事情會發生？促使這些事情發生的原因是什麼？對於發生的事情人們有什麼