表观遗传学与蜜蜂级型分化的研究进展-应用昆虫学报.pdf

应用昆虫学报ChineseJournal ofAppliedEntomology 2014,51(6): 14061412. DOI: 10.7679/j.issn.20951353.2014.165 表观遗传学与蜜蜂级型分化的研究进展* ** *** 石元元 王子龙 曾志将 （江西农业大学蜜蜂研究所，南昌330045） 摘 要 蜜蜂是一种高度社会化的昆虫，一个完整健康的蜂群通常是由蜂王、工蜂和雄蜂组成。尽管蜂王 和工蜂的遗传物质相同，但它们在形态特征、行为职能和寿命方面表现出显著的差异。许多研究结果表明， 营养因素是造成蜜蜂级型分化现象的主要原因，它可以影响蜂王幼虫和工蜂幼虫体内大量基因和蛋白的差 异表达。随着表观遗传学的发展，人们对基因表达的调控机制有了新的认识，它与DNA 甲基化、非编码 RNA调控和组蛋白乙酰化等密切相关。这也为蜜蜂级型分化的分子机制提供了新的理论。本文就表观遗 传学和蜜蜂级型分化的研究进展做一综述。 关键词 蜜蜂，级型分化，表观遗传 Advancesinresearchonepigeneticsandcastedifferentiation inthehoneybee SHIYuan-Yuan** WANGZi-Long ZENGZhi-Jiang*** (Institute ofHoneybeeResearch,JiangxiAgriculturalUniversity,Nanchang330045,China) Abstract Thehoneybee isahighly eusocialinsect.Generally,ahealthy colonyismadeup ofaqueen,workers anddrones. Despite being genetically identical, the queen and workers show striking differences in morphology, behavior, and lifespan. Many studies have suggested that the main factor leading to caste differentiation is nutrition, which can cause differential expression of a large number of genes andproteins between queen and worker larvae. With the development of epigenetics, therehavebeennewinsightsintotheregulatorymechanismsofgeneexpression,thatis,DNAmethylation,andthecorrelation between noncoding RNAs regulation andhistone acetylationwith the regulation of gene expression. These new insights also provide anew theoretical basis forcastedifferentiation inthe honeybee. This articlereviews theprogress of epigeneticsand castedifferentiationinhoneybees. Keywords honeybee,castedifferentiation,epigenetics 随着现代遗传学、分子生物学和生物信息学 传统的基因分离定律、基因重组定律、基因连锁 的深入研究，DNA、组蛋白或染色体水平的修饰