非营利组织论文社区中的“机构”.docVIP

非营利组织论文：社区中的“机构” 【中文摘要】改革开放以来,中国的非营利组织迅速发展。关于非营利组织的研究也成为一个热点。很多学者都在关注非营利组织的生存状态、发展中遇到的困难、与政府的关系,以及发展的策略。但是很少有人去关注它的存在所具有的社会功能,尤其是给一个社区带来的变化。本文想要研究的是什么呢?简单地说,就是考察一个NGO的社会功能,即NGO的存在有没有给一个社区带来变化。如果有变化,这种变化又表现在那些方面。在描述的基础上,本研究将对所发生的变化进行解释,探讨是什么因素导致了社区的变化,NGO在这种变化中所起到的具体作用是什么。研究将以社会资本理论作为整体的理论框架,运用此理论中提到的社会资本的三个维度作为测量社区变化的标准,并采用参与式观察和访谈法,对一个民办残疾人服务机构JA进行考察,以了解居民与残疾人和机构之间关系的变化。研究发现,当这个非营利组织存在了三年多以后,它给社区带来了一定程度的变化。与机构建立了联系的居民可以大体分为普通居民(包括学生志愿者)、“公务员”、有宗教信仰,尤其是基督教信仰的教会居民。他们对待残疾人和机构的态度、认知和行为逐渐由排斥变为接纳,与残疾人之间的联系、信任、关爱和互惠以及对残疾人事务的参与程度都有了一定的提高。即社区居民的结构性社会资本、认知性社会资本和公民参与都有了一定程度的提高。社区居民发生变化的重要推动因素在于NGO的存在。JA这个NGO作为连接居民和残疾人之间的桥梁,在建立居民与残疾人之间的联系网络、培育居民对残疾人的信任、关爱和互惠以及倡导公民参与方面发挥了重要的推动作用。但是无论是从横向还是纵向上看,这种变化是比较小的。笔者认为更深层的原因在于理性算计和信任缺失等因素的拉力作用。最后,文章还针对研究的方法、建构和伦理道德问题进行了讨论。 【英文摘要】Since the reform and opening-up, China’s NGOs(non-government organizations) have been developing rapidly. Researches about NGOs have also been getting popular. Many scholars are concerned about the living situation of NGOs, difficulties they have encountered in development, relations with government and the development strategies NGOs have employed. But little attention has been paid to their social functions, especially to the changes they have brought about to a community of any scale.What does this paper want to study? In short, it is an attempt to find the social functions of a case NGO. That is, whether there are some changes in community because of the existence of the NGO, and if so, what these changes are. Based on the description, an explanation will be offered to these changes.The theory of social capital is the guiding theory in this study and its three dimensions will be used to measure the changes. Participant observation and interviews are employed to describe and analyze the data collected from a private service organization for people with disabilities.The research finds that the NGO has brought about some changes to the community since its set-up. The residents who connected with the NGO can be ge