中小学学生“评优”现象的社会学研究.pdf

concepts and theory foundations, briefly introducing the historical origins of “appraisal of excellence” and related researches, formulating the purpose and significance of the research, putting forward researching methods. Part two sums up six features of “appraisal of excellence”: social nature, symbolic nature, model, standardization, selection and control as well as the positive function, negative function and overall function of it. Part three mainly describes the mechanism of “appraisal of excellence” among primary and middle school students. The examples of interviewed schools, teachers and students, parents before, in course of and after “appraisal of excellence” reflect the hidden social problem behind it. Part four makes deep interpretation of “appraisal of excellence”. On the basis of long-term observation to elementary and middle school students and depth interviews, combining the existing sociological theories, it indicates in the realm of school, the secret separation of the reproduction of cultural capital to students, the influence of habit on families and the exchanging between teachers and students in classes dominated by teacher as well campus culture passing on, “appraisal of excellence ” among primary and middle school students and the education fair to escape the shackles, to the education of the truth etc. In the closing part, it reflects on “appraisal of excellence”, trying to make proposal on the problems in it, hoping to arouse more concern of educational professionals. Key words: “appraisal of excellence”; function; control; discipline; symbol IV 61 一、导论 （一）研究的缘起 社会上，从中央到地方，从单位到个人“评优”现象耳熟能详，每个人一生都要亲身 经历大大小小的许多次“评优”，感受它的全过程，品赏它的“酸甜苦