企业集群的外部性：机制、影响及治理.docVIP

企业集群的外部性：机制、影响及治理 摘要 企业集群是一种越来越重要的既不是市场也不是科层的产业组织形式,它有 两个基本维度??地理和网络。外部性在其中有着集中的和典型的表现。所谓企 业集群外部性指的是,由企业集群的地理特征和产业特征所决定的外部性。本文 的目的是,研究企业集群外部性的产生、影响和治理,以加深人们对企业集群外 部性和相关集群现象的理解。本文主要依靠概念模型和几何模型对企业集群外部 性相关的复杂现象进行实证分析。本文首先对相关的理论文献进行综述。在此基 础上,本文介绍了企业集群的一般理论和企业集群外部性的一般理论。之后,本 文对企业集群外部性的机制、影响和治理展开分析。本文有关企业集群外部性的 机制研究的基本结论是,企业集群外部性主要产生于三种形式的相互作用:通过 市场机制的相互作用、网络型相互作用和策略性相互作用。这些涉及到企业集群 中的货币外部性、区域品牌效应、社会资本累积效应、知识外溢、累积因果关系、 集群中企业的纵向分解、分工的网络外部性和策略性外溢等重要集群现象。企业 集群外部性的影响无处不在,本文主要探讨了集群商业模式知识的溢出对集群生 命周期的影响、技术溢出对集群中企业研发支出的影响、集群社会资本??信任 ??对集群交易费用的影响和集群相关的拥挤效应对集群竞争力的不利影响。昀 后,本文探讨了治理企业集群外部性的两种重要形式??联盟治理和政府治理。 关键词:企业集群外部性 机制 影响 治理 2Abstract The firm cluster is an increasingly important neither-market-nor-hierarchy form of industrial organization that has two basic dimensions, geographical and industrial dimensions. So-called firm cluster externalities refer to externalities determined by the geographical characteristics and industrial characteristics of the cluster of firmsThe purpose of this paper is to study the mechanisms, influences, and governance of firm cluster externalities in order to deepen the understanding of firm cluster externalities and the relevant phenomena. This paper heavily relies on conceptual models and geometrical models to make positive analyses of firm cluster externalities and the relevant phenomena. First of all, this paper summarizes and reviews the relevant existing literatures. Building on this, the general theories of the firm cluster and firm cluster externalities are introduced. After that, analyses of the mechanisms, influences, and governance of firm cluster externalities are presented. The basic conclusion drawn from our study on the mechanisms of firm cluster externalities is that firm cluster externalities mainly develop in three major forms of interaction: interaction through the market mechanism, the network-type interaction, and strategic interaction. These involve many important cluster-related phenomen