石油钻井设备基础知识培训中英对照.doc

石油钻井设备基础知识培训 Drilling equipments basic knowledge training 胜利油田 新耐捷 目 录 Content 钻井工艺基本知识 Drilling basic knowledge 钻机类型及组成 Rig type and composition 动力系统 Power system 四，旋转系统 Rotating system 五，提升系统 Hoisting system 六，循环固控系统 Circulating System 七，井控系统 Well Control System 一. 钻井施工基本知识 石油钻井： 石油钻井：是指利用专用设备和技术，在预先选定的地表位置处，向下或一侧钻出一定直径的孔眼，一直达到地下油气层的工作。 Oil drilling: To drill certain diameter holes down or side to underground reservoir in pre-selected location using specialized equipment and technology. 钻井方法的发展： 钻井方法的发展： （1）人工掘井：1521年之前。 （2）人力冲击钻：1521～1835年，是靠人力、捞砂筒、特殊钻头、悬绳、游梁等来完成的。 3）机械顿钻（冲钻）：1859～1901年，靠机械冲击作用破岩，破岩和清岩相间进行。 （4）旋转钻：1901年发展起来的，旋转钻井是靠动力带动钻头旋转，在旋转的过程中对井底岩石进行破碎，同时循环钻井液以清洁井底的钻井方法。旋转钻井又分为转盘钻井、井下动力钻具钻井、顶部驱动旋转钻井。 History of drilling: (1) Manual drilling (dug well by hands): before the year of 1521. (2) Manual impact drill: between the year of 1521 to 1835, drill holes by hand, bailer, special bits, hanging rope and beam, etc. 3) Mechanical percussion drilling (chopping drilling): between the year of 1859 to 1901, an earlier method of drilling used before the introduction of modern rotary methods. The bit used to break rock was not rotated but reciprocated by means of a strong wire rope. Rock breaking and cuttings clearing are conducted by turn. (4) Rotary drilling: developed in the year of 1901; to break rocks by power driven rotating bit and clean well by circulating drilling fluid. Rotary drilling includes rotary table drilling, downhole power drilling and top-drive rotary drilling. 钻井施工工序 Drilling procedures 钻井就是利用钻机设备及破岩工具破碎地层形成井筒的工艺过程，目地是进行地质评价、发现油气藏、开发油气藏。 Drilling is the process of breaking formation by rig and rock-breaking tools to conduct geological evaluation, search for oil and gas reservoirs and develop oil and gas reservoirs. 施工工序:钻进→洗井→接单根→起下钻→完钻. Procedures： Drilling ahead→ clean hole → make up a joint → round trip → finishing drilling . 开钻前施工 Work prior to spudding 1、定井位 1. Well locaton 2、道路勘察 2. Road survey 3、基础施工 3. Fo