华南理工大学汇编原理课件06.ppt

Procedure 3. Facilitates debugging of a program because defects can be more clearly isolated. 4. Helps in the ongoing maintenance of programs because procedures are readily identified for modification. Outline Procedure Directive Instructions CALL RET Subroutine Programming Procedure Directives A code segment contains one or more procedures One procedure coded as: ProcName PROC [near|far] ;entry point for first instruction to execute. ... ... ;end a procedure ProcName ENDP Procedure Directives The procedure name (ProcName) must be present, unique and follow assembler naming conventions. The procedure attribute can is NEAR/FAR , default is NEAR (that is, within ±32K)attribute. ProcName PROC [near|far] ... ... ProcName ENDP Calling procedure and procedure Calling procedure procedure CALL label RET Instructions Format: [label2:] RET [pop-value] [label1:] CALL proc-name Instructions Call instruction is to transfer control to a called procedure. RET instruction returns from the called procedure to the original calling procedure ( the instruction after CALL instruction). RET should be the last instruction in the called procedure. Near Call and Return A call to a procedure within the same segment is near. Performs: 1) by means of a push operation, decrements SP by 2 (one word) and transfers IP value onto the stack. 2) inserts the offset address of the called procedure into IP. Near Call and Return A RET that returns from a near procedure basically reverses the CALL steps: 1) pops the old IP value from the stack back into IP. 2) increments SP by 2. Far Call and Return A far call calls a procedure labeled far, possibly in another code segment. Performs: 1) first pushes the contents of CS onto the stack and inserts the new segment address in CS. 2) then pushes IP onto the stack and inserts a new offset address in IP. Far Call and Return The CS:IP pair now points to the address of the first instruction to execute in the called subpr