02-ch12-1amp;2+国民收入与国际支付体系.ppt

四. 国际货币发行国的负担 第一，会造成其短期负债增加和汇价的下跌。 第二，在国际短期游资大量积累和迅速流动的今天，国际货币发行国的货币政策操作难度增大。 Chapter 12 National Income Accounting and the Balance of Payments Prepared by xiaomei song International Economics: Theory and Policy, Sixth Edition by Paul R. Krugman and Maurice Obstfeld Chapter 12.1 　国民收入账户 Chapter 12.2 国际支付体系 Chapter 12.3　 国际收支账户 Preview To explain the national income account; and to explain key components of the balance of payments. Chapter Objectives Chapter Organization Introduction The National Income Accounts National Income Accounting for an Open Economy（略） The Balance of Payment Accounts Summary Review of Macroeconomics To ensure the world’s scarce productive resources (factors) to be fully employed. Unemployment Saving Trade imbalances (wealth) Money and the price level The national income accounts and the balance of payments accounts are essential tools for studying the macroeconomics of open, interdependent economies. National income accounting Records all the expenditures that contribute to a country’s income and output Balance of payments accounting Helps us keep track of both changes in a country’s indebtedness to foreigners and the fortunes of its export- and import-competing industries Introduction The National Income Accounts:GNP Gross national product (GNP) The value of all final goods and services produced by a country’s factors of production and sold on the market in a given time period It is the basic measure of a country’s output. The National Income Accounts:GNP GNP is calculated by adding up the market value of all expenditures on final output: Consumption The amount consumed by private domestic residents Investment The amount put aside by private firms to build new plant and equipment for future production Government purchases The amount used by the government Current account balance The amount of net exports of goods and services to foreigners The National Income Accounts:GNP The National Income Accounts:GNP Figure 12-1