l组合变形应变状态理论.pptVIP

* 2 . 应 变 状 态 分 析 Analysis of strians 正应变: P A B x y (1) 应变的定义（Difinition of strains) 2.1 一点应变状态概念 Concept of strain state at one point 线应变以拉长为正，缩短为负； p a b 切应变: P A B x y p a b 角应变以直角的减小量为负，增加量为正。 (2) 应变状态矩阵 (strain state matrix ) If the linear strains along any direction and the shearing strains between any two vertical directions at one point are all known , we say the state of strain at this point is determined . 结构一点处应变情况的总和称为一点应变状态. 如果一点处沿任何方向的线应变以及任意两个相互垂直方向间的切应变都已知,则说该点的应变状态是确定的. Like the state of stress at one point , the state of strain can be determined by a matrix . It is called strain state matrix . 类似一点应力状态的描述,一点应变状态可以用一个矩阵确定,该矩阵称为应变状态矩阵. x y z o Strain state matrix Strain state matrix is a symmetrical matrix too . That is : 应变状态矩阵 (3) 应变状态的分类（Forms of strain states ) (a) 三向（空间） 应变状态 Three-dimensional or space state of strain If in matrix E the elements every row and arrange are not all equal to zero , the state of strain at one point is called three-dimensional state of strain . (b) 平面（双向）应变状态 Two-dimensional or plane state of strain The state of strain is called two-dimensional or plane state of strain . (c) 单向应变状态 One-dimensional state of strain The state of strain is called one-dimensional state of strain . x Others strains = 0 Rigid wall For the free body there is no one-dimensional strain in engineering . P A B x y p a b ? ? P x y p q ? Q P x y p Q q ? dx dy x y (1) 斜方向上的应变 考察倾斜微元线段的伸长率时，无须考虑可能存在的局部的刚体平移。 也无须考虑可能存在的局部的刚体转动。 Normal strain along the slope directions 2.2 平面（双向）应变状态分析 Two-dimentional analysis of strain x 方向的线应变将影响倾斜微元线段的伸长率。 y 方向的线应变将影响倾斜微元线段的伸长率。 角应变也将影响倾斜微元线段的伸长率。 (a) 公式推导 应变与应力的运算是类似的。 x y α (b) 正应变 (c.) 切应变 x y α 从斜线起逆时针方向 90° 的增大量 斜方向上的应变 : 拉为正压为负 直角增大为正减小为负 (2) 主应变与应变主方向 Principa