用部分滴定法测定pKa值.docVIP

PASCO scientific page \\* arabic7 Chemistry Experiment Library: 06020 Science Workshop C33 Half Titration tr, sc _ 1996, PASCO scientific C33 - page \\* arabic7 Experiment C33: Determination of pKa by Half Titration用部分滴定法测定pKa值(pH Sensor) (pH 传感器) Concept: acids, bases salts概念：酸、碱和盐 Time: 30 m SW Interface: 300, 500 700 Macintosh_ file: C33 Half Titration Windows_ file: C33_HALF.SWS Adapted by Tom Russo from MicroChemistry, distributed by Theta Technologies, 203 Bluegrass Ave., Suite 179H, South Gate, KY 41071, (606) 441-4768. EQUIPMENT NEEDED所需仪器 ? Science Workshop_ Interface ? pH sensorpH传感器 ? base and support rod铁架台 ? beaker, 烧杯，250 mL (2) ? buret clamp夹子 ? graduated cylinder,量筒， 100 mL ? magnetic stirrer spin bar磁力搅拌器和搅拌棒 ? apron and safety goggles围裙和防护风镜 CHEMICALS AND CONSUMABLES化学品和消耗品 ? acetic acid,醋酸， 0.1 Molar ? buffer solutions,缓冲溶液， pH 7 和 pH 4 ? distilled water蒸馏水 ? sodium hydroxide, 氢氧化钠，0.05 Molar PURPOSE目的 The purpose of this laboratory activity is to determine the pKa of weak acetic acid by half-titration. The weak acid will form a salt that produces a buffer solution. The half-titration of this system will determine the pH at the equivalence point. In this special case, the pH will be the pKa.本实验的目的是用部分滴定法测定弱醋酸的pKa值。弱酸将形成一种可产生缓冲溶液的盐。系统的部分滴定法将测定平衡点处的pH值。在这种特殊情况下，pH值将是pKa值。 THEORY原理 All acids ionize in water to form hydrogen (H+) or hydronium ions (H3O+). The degree of ionization is an indication of the strength of an acid. An acid which ionizes completely is said to be strong. The ionization is complete and no molecular acid remains in solution. The rate constant (kf) is a number which indicates the degree of dissociation of the acid. For strong acids like this example, kf (forward reaction rate) is large and there is no reverse reaction (kr = 0). 所有的酸都在水中电离而形成氢离子(H+)或水合氢离子(H3O+)。电离程度是酸的强度的一种表示。能够完全电离的酸被称为强酸。电离彻底，幷且溶液中没有剩余的酸分子。速率常数(kf)是表示酸的离解程度的一个数。对于如下例中的强酸，kf（向前反应的速率）很大，而没有逆反应（kr = 0）。 Strong Acid 强酸 kf  HX ======== H+ + X-