海水交换概念と海水交换率-J-Stage.pdf

Journal of the Oceanographical Society of Japan Vol. 40, pp.135 to 147, 1984 海水交換概念 と海水交換率* 柏 井 誠† The Concept of Tidal Exchange and the Tidal Exchange Ratio Makoto Kashiwai•õ Abstract: The principal character of the tidal exchange process is neither diffusion nor advection, but a third category of transport, Massenaustausch, which appears in the space/ time averaged transport. The exchange process can be divided into four fluxes: the flux of standing eddies, the flux of tidal exchange, the flux of tidal eddies and the flux of local eddies. The results of observations at the entrance channel of Kumihama-Bay show a typical example of transport dominated by tidal exchange. The tidal exchange ratio defined by Parker et al.(1972) applies to the process of ex- change between the outflowing watermass and the surrounding watermass outside of the bay mouth, but this should also be considered as being coupled with the ratio for the process of exchange between the inflowing watermass and the surrounding watermass inside of the bay mouth. These two exchange ratios can be combined into a single exchange ratio which describes the exchange process between the outer watermass and the bay water. 1.は じめに に,海 水交換という概念の分析を行なう.ま た,海 水交 海水交換は内湾の物質収支を支配する重要な要因のひ 換過程を集約的に定量表現するパラメータである,海 水 とつとして,多 くの研究テーマのキーワードとなってい 交換率はいろいろ提起されているので,そ の整理統合を る.し かしながら,海 水交換という語の物理的内容は必 行なう. ずしも明確ではなく,海 水交流,潮 汐混合,シ ア拡散, 場合によっては乱流拡散そして移流とさえその区別がさ