营养及营养障碍性疾病讲义.ppt

* 母乳里面的脂肪酸谱，DHA与ARA有重要的意义。 母乳中的含量： DHA：19mg/100kcal ARA: 38mg/100kcal * Obesity results from an imbalance in caloric intake relative to caloric expenditure. This imbalance causes fat to accumulate. Researchers usually define overweight and obesity in terms of an individual’s body mass index, or BMI. BMI is calculated by dividing a person’s weight in kilograms by his or her height in meters squared [kg/m2]. A person with a BMI over 25 is classified as overweight, while a person with a BMI of 30 or above is considered obese. For example, a 6-foot (~1.8 m) tall man who weighs 180 pounds (~82 kg) has a BMI of about 24, which is at the upper end of the normal range. At 200 pounds (~91 kg), he has a BMI of about 27 and he is classified as overweight. At 225 pounds (~102 kg), he has a BMI of over 30, and he is obese. Overweight is defined somewhat differently in children and adolescents. After BMI is calculated, it is plotted on growth charts -- based on national surveys compiled before the recent increase in obesity -- to obtain a percentile ranking. If a child’s BMI is above the 85th percentile for his or her age, then he or she is at risk of becoming overweight. If a child’s BMI is above the 95th percentile, the child is overweight. There is no generally accepted definition for obesity, as distinct from overweight, in this age group. It is possible to have a high BMI and be healthy. For example, people who are athletic and have large amounts of muscle may have a BMI over 25, but are healthy. Also, BMI measurements cannot be used on pregnant women. Nevertheless, BMI is a useful tool. Vitamin D deficiency Rickets 病因 日照不足??? 　　婴幼儿缺乏户外活动； 　　大城市中高大建筑可阻挡日光照射，大气污染如烟雾、尘埃亦会吸收部分紫外线； 　　冬季日照短、紫外线较弱， 病因 摄入不足??? 天然食物中含维生素D较少，不能满足需要 未及时补充鱼肝油以及含维生素D的辅食 一些动物性食品中维生素D的含量(IU/100g) 食品 含量 食品 含量 黄油 35 沙丁鱼 1500 干酪 12 小虾 150 鳕鱼 85 牛奶 0.3～4 奶油 50 人奶 0～40 蛋黄(每个) 25 牛肝(生) 9～40 大比目鱼 44 小牛肝(生) 0～15 鲱鱼(罐头) 330 猪肝(生) 40 鲭鱼 120 鸡肝(生) 50～65 鲑鱼(罐头) 220～440 羊肝(生) 20 病 因 生长过速及储备不足?