初中英语现在完成时过去完成时.docVIP

第10讲_现在完成时和过去完成时 现在完成时 知识精讲 一、现在完成时 表示 过去发生的动作对 现在造成的 影响或表示过去的动作或状态 持续到现在。 ? 二、句子结构 主语+ has/ have+done (过去分词) ? 三、基本用法 用法 示例 表示过去发生的或已经完成的某一动作对现在 造成的影响或结果。 He has already ?obtained a scholarship. 他已经获得了一份奖学金。 I haven’t seen much ?of him recently. 我最近很久没看到他。 表示动作或状态在过去已经开始，持续到现在 也许还要持续下去，常和for, ?since连用。 Peter has written ?six papers for three years. 三年内彼得已经写了六篇论文。 He has lived here ?since 2005. 自从2005年以来，他一直住在这儿。 ? 四、时间状语 1. yet (常用于否定或疑问句中), already (常用于肯定句中) 2. since+过去时间点/过去时的从句（译为：自从……以来） 3. for+时间段 4. just, so far, recently, never, ever, twice… 5. in the past/ last few days ? 五、动词过去分词的规则变化 情况 变形 示例 一般情况 加-ed work-worked, visit-visited 以不发音字母e结尾 加-d live-lived 辅音字母加y结尾 把y变i，加-ed study-studied, cry-cried 重读闭音节结尾 双写尾字母，再加-ed stop-stopped, drop-dropped ? 六、动词过去分词的不规则变化 ? 原形 过去式 过去分词 AAA型 burst hurt cut hit read burst hurt cut hit read burst hurt cut hit read AAB型 beat beat beaten ABA型 run come ran came run come ABB型 bring buy catch feel find keep make teach tell think brought bought caught felt found kept made taught told thought brought bought caught felt found kept made taught told thought ABC型 begin break choose drive forget give know swim write began broke chose drove forgot gave knew swam wrote begun broken chosen driven forgotten given known swum written ? 七、相关句式 ? has have 主语 第三人称单数 第一/二人称单数/复数 肯定式 He ?has turned the light off. ? They have already read this ?book. 否定式 He ?hasn’t turned the light off. ? They haven’t read this book ?yet. 疑问式 Has ?e turned the light off? ? Have they read this book yet? 简略回答 Yes, he has./ No, she hasn’t. Yes, they have./ No, they ?haven’t. 肯定句：主语+has/ have+done+其它. 否定句：主语+has/ have+not+done+其它. 一般疑问句：Has/ Have+主语+done+其它?? ???????? 答语：Yes,主语+has/ have. / No,主语+hasn’t/ haven’t. ? 八、瞬间动词和延续性动词之间的转换 在完成时中，一个瞬间动词不能直接与表示一段时间的状语(for, since等)连用。此时须将该瞬间动词改为延续性动词或状态动词： 买 buy?(bought) have/?has?had????? 借 borrow?(borrowed) have/?has?kept??? 死 die??(died) have/?has?been?dead??? 离开 leave?(left) have/?has?been?away?(from)? 开