外商直接投资，技术寻求和逆向技术溢出效应外文翻译.docVIP

外商直接投资，技术寻求和逆向技术溢出效应外文翻译 外文翻译 原文 FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT, TECHNOLOGY SOURCING AND REVERSE SPILLOVERS Material Source: The Manchester School Vol 71 No. 6 December 2003 Author: NIGEL DRIFFIELD Business School, University of Birmingham And JAMES H. LOVE? Aston Business School, Aston University Recent theoretical work points to the possibility of foreign direct investment motivated not by ‘ownership’ advantages which may be exploited by a multinational enterprise but by the desire to access the superior technology of a host nation through direct investment. To be successful, technology sourcing foreign direct investment hinges crucially on the existence of domestic-to-foreign technological externalities within the host country. We test empirically for the existence of such ‘reverse spillover’ effects for a panel of UK manufacturing industries. The results demonstrate that technology generated by the domestic sector spills over to foreign multinational enterprises, but that this effect is restricted to relatively research and development intensive sectors. There is also evidence that these spillover effects are affected by the spatial concentration of industry, and that learning-by-doing effects are restricted to sectors in which technology sourcing is unlikely to be a motivating influence. 1 Introduction Traditional models of foreign direct investment FDI have been heavily influenced by a framework which suggests that where a company has some ‘ownership’i.e. competitive advantage over its rivals and where, for reasons of property rights protection, licensing is unsafe, a company will set up production facilities in a foreign country through FDI Dunning, 1988. Since much of the discussion of ownership advantages is couched in terms of technology and/or management expertise, there is a strong a priori assumption that this ‘technology exploiting’ FDI will be an important method by which technology is transferred internationally. Indeed