热固性树脂讲义.ppt

Diisocyanate NCO CH3 NCO toluene diisocyanate (TDI) NCO CH2 OCN diphenylmethane diisocyanate (MDI) NCO OCN p-phenylene diisocyante (PPDI) NCO NCO naphthalene diisocyanate (NDI) NCO OCN CH3 H3C o-tolidine diisocyanate (TODI). (CH2)6 NCO OCN hexamethylene diisocyanate (HDI) NCO OCN cyclohexane diisocyanate (CHDI) Aromatic diisocyanate Aliphatic diisocyanate Polyol CH2CH2 OH HO OH (CH2)3 HO O (CH2)3 CH2CH2 OH O H ( ) n Bi-functional Glycol Dipropylene glycol Polyethylene glycol Tri-functional CH2 OH HO CH CH2 OH Glycerin CH2 OH HO C CH2 CH2OH CH3 Tri-hydroxymethyl propane Tetra-functional Toluenediamine NH2 H2N CH3 CH2 OH HO C CH2 CH2OH CH2OH Pentaerythritol Penta-functional: xylitol (木糖醇) Hexa-functional: sorbitol (山梨醇), mannitol (甘露醇) Multi-functional: polyester polyol (聚酯多元醇), polyether polyol (聚醚多元醇), Polyurethane foam hard foam soft foam Polymerization methods of PU 不同类型聚氨酯的聚合方法 合成弹性体时先制备低分子量二元醇，再与过量芳族异氰酸酯反应，生成异氰酸酯为端基的预聚物，再同丁二醇扩链，得到热塑弹性体； 若用芳族二胺扩链并进一步交联，得到浇铸型弹性体； 预聚物用肼或二元胺扩链，得到弹性纤维； 异氰酸酯过量较多的预聚体与催化剂、发泡剂混合，可得到硬质泡沫塑料； 如将单体、聚醚、水、催化剂等混合，一步反应即可得到软质泡沫塑料； 单体与多元醇在溶液中反应，可得到涂料； 胶粘剂则以多异氰酸酯单体和低分子量聚酯或聚醚在使用时混合并进行反应。 Application of PU 聚氨酯弹性体用作滚筒、传送带、软管、汽车零件、鞋底、合成皮革、电线电缆和医用人工脏器等； 软质泡沫体用于车辆、居室 、服装的衬垫 ，硬质泡沫体用作隔热 、吸音、包装、绝缘以及低发泡合成木材，涂料用于高级车辆、家具、木和金属防护，水池水坝和建筑防渗漏材料，以及织物涂层等。 胶粘剂对金属、玻璃、陶瓷、皮革、纤维等都有良好的粘着力。此外聚氨酯还可制成乳液、磁性材料等。 Thermoset Resin热固性树脂 Thermosetting plastics Thermosetting plastics (thermosets) are polymer materials that irreversibly cure. The cure may be done through heat (generally above 200oC), through a chemical reaction (two-part epoxy, for example), or irradiation such as electron beam processing. Most often, the cure process involves cross-linking which strengthens the polymer (setting). Thermoset materials are usually liquid or malleable prior to curing and designed to be molded into their final form, or used as adhesives. Others are solids like that of the molding compound used in semiconductors and integrated circuits. Thermosetting plastics Cross-linked molecules