赖世雄讲语法-笔记.doc

. . S001. 动词作主语：（1）v.+ing：动名词作主语，表示已知的事实或经验，有已经做了的含义。例：Working with him is a lot of fun.（2）To+v.：不定式作主语，表示意愿，有此动作还没有做的含义。例：To study abroad is my goal.代词作主语，例：it主语太长的情况下，用it做代主语，原主语放在最后。但注意，动名词需要变成不定式to+v. 例：It is fun to learn english with him.注意：It is no use + 动名词，It is useless + 不定式，It is of no use + 不定式，There is no use/sense/point + in + 动名词短语句子做主语，则前面需加That，变成名词从句。名词从句有三种：代词，whether，疑问句代词：That he loves me is ture.Whether：如果用yes，no回答的时候，这时候主语是句子，则前面加whether。例：Is she beautiful? 变成Whether she is beautiful? Whether she is beautiful remains to be seen.S002.疑问句：Where is he going? 变成Where he is going is still a mystery。疑问词保留，但后面变为正常句式。动词短语作主语：疑问词+不定式，where to go，how to do但注意why不可以做名词主语。Why did you cry? 变成 Why he cried is something we dont know. 不能是 Why to cry表距离from A to B，时间from A to/till B的介词短语也可以作主语，1990-2003 用to或者till都可以。From 1990 to 2003 is a long period of time. 动词：完全不及物，不完全不及物，完全及物，不完全及物，授予动词。我__她，她被我__。如果填进去都说得通，则为及物动词。love，我爱她，她被我爱，可以。happen，我发生车祸，车祸被我发生，不可以。简单说：不及物动词没有被动语态。S003. S004.完全及物动词：加了宾语后意思完整。I love her. 只有2种情况，一种是主语+动词+宾语（名词，代词），另外一种是主语+be动词+v.ed，he is loved，后面没有宾语，前面一定有be动词。不完全及物动词：加了宾语后意思不完整。I made him... 意思是使...成为。此类句子需要加补足语，I made him happy. 3种常用用法：1.“叫……做某事”，2.“让……做某事”，3.“强迫……做某事”1. make, have：make+宾语+原形动词做补足语：I made him watch the car, I had him watch the car, I made him sing a song. get有“叫，吩咐”的意思，但是需要加不定式。I will get him to take care of it. 我叫他关注一下。2. let：后面也加动词原形，I will let him do that. I will let him sing a song. Well, I have a house to let. （这时候let也有出租的意思，英国人常用）let up：停了 The rain let up. 雨停了3. force，push后面加不定式短语做宾语补足语 I will force/push him to do sth.cause：促使。That story caused me to cry. = made me cry.完全不及物动词：名词加动词意思已经完整。dance. 通常2种情况，一种是主语+动词，另外一种是主语+be动词+动名词形式，he danced, he was dancing(用was时候，表示当时在……), 没有被动语态。不完全不及物动词：后面需要加补足语。become. He became a good boy. He became knowledgeable. He became handsome. （形容词是修饰主语的，所以叫主语补足语。）注意：become后面可跟任何形容词，但是get表变成时，一般加表示生气的词，比如angry。但是get表被……的时候可以接表示伤害的词，got hurt，turn一般是表示颜