高中英语语法专题复习--主谓一致.pptVIP

复习重点 1. 主谓一致主要遵循三个原则： 语法一致、意义一致、就近一致。 2. 分数、百分数、不定式、动词-ing形式作主语时的主谓一致。 基础知识 一、主谓一致的原则 主谓一致是指主语和谓语在人称和数上保 持一致。一般遵循下列原则： 1. 语法一致原则：主语和谓语在人称和数上一致，即主语是单数形式，谓语动词也采用单数形式；主语是复数形式，谓语动词也采用复数形式。 2. 意义一致原则：谓语的单复数取决于主语的意义。有时主语形式上为单数，但意义上却是复数，那么谓语根据意义也用复数形式；有时主语形式上为复数，但意义上却是单数，那么谓语根据意义应用单数形式。 3. 就近一致原则：谓语动词的形式与邻近 的主语在人称和数上一致，如“There be 句型”即适用这一原则。 二、主谓一致的具体应用 1. 名词作主语 1) 集合名词作主语，如果表示整体概念，谓语动词用单数形式；如果强调个体，谓语动词用复数形式。常见的这类名词有：army, audience, class, family, team, crowd, staff, committee, enemy, government, population等。 有些集合名词如cattle, people, police等，通常看作复数，谓语动词必须用复数。 e.g. The team is the best in the league. The team are driving to the game in their own cars. （team 意为“队员们”） The police are also looking for a second car. 2) 单复数同形的名词作主语，应根据其意义来决定谓语形式，常见的这类名词 有：deer, fish, sheep, Chinese, Japanese, means, works（工厂）等。 e.g. The only means of communication between them was sign language. All means have been tried out to increase agricultural production. 3) 表示单数概念的复形名词，如：学科（maths，physics等）、机构、书名、剧名等作主语，谓语动词通常用单数。 e.g. Maths is one of the most important courses in the senior school. The Times is Britain’s oldest national daily. 4) 表成双成对的名词作主语，谓语动词通常用复数形式，有：trouser, shoe, chopstick, sunglass等。但如果其前有a pair of, a kind of等修饰时，谓语动词一般用单数。 e.g. A pair of trousers is on the bed. My blue trousers have worn out. 5) 当名词短语中心词为表示距离、金额、时间等的复数名词时，往往把这些复数名词看作一个整体，谓语动词用单数。 e.g. Seven kilometers was covered in two hours. Four thousand dollars is more than she can afford. Ten minutes was given to prepare the answer. 6) “the +形容词或过去分词”结构作主语时，如表示一类可数的人或事物，谓语动词用复数，这类词有wounded, rich, unemployed, blind等。 e.g. The unemployed lead a miserable life. 7) “more than one / many a +单数名词”作主语，谓语动词通常用单数形式；“more + 复数名词+than one ”作主语，谓语动词通常用复数形式。 e.g. There is more than one answer to your question. Many a cr