第二讲增词法和省略法.ppt

英汉互译实践与技巧湖北师范大学外国语学院大学英语部;第二讲 增词法与省略法;第二讲-1 Amplification 增词法;增词法; 英汉两种语言由于表达方式不尽相同，有些词在英语中可以省略而不会影响全句意思的完整表达，但译成汉语后就可能出现意思不够明确的语言现象，在这种情况下，就需要使用增词译法，使译文既能忠实地传达原文的内容和风格，又能符合译入语的表达习惯。采用增词法应特别注意的一点是：增词不增意。所增加的词汇，其意义虽然在原文字面上没有清楚表现出来，但是却隐藏在原文之中，所以增词法仍然遵循着忠实的原则。;Ⅰ. Amplification in English-Chinese Translation增词法在汉英翻译中的运用;搭配性增词;1）增加量词;2) 增加语气词;3） Supplying Words of Generalization增加概括词;4 ) Supplying Words to Make an Abstract Concept Clear 用范畴词使抽象概念具体化 He discussed greatness and excellence. 他探讨了伟大和杰出的涵义。 Oxidation will make iron and steel rusty. 氧化作用会使钢铁生锈。 This lack of resistance in very cold metals may become useful in electronic computers. 这种在甚低温金属中没有电阻的现象可能对电子计算机很有用处。 After all preparations were made, the plane took off. 一切准备工作就绪以后 ，飞机就起飞了 。;结构性增词;1） Amplification by Supplying Words Omitted in the Original Amplification by Logical Thinking;Electrical charges of a similar kind repel each other and those that are dissimilar attract. 同性电荷相斥，异性电荷相吸。 Matter can be changed into energy, and energy into matter. 物质可以转化为能，能也可以转化为物质。 I was taught that two sides of a triangle were greater than the third. 我学过，三角形的两边之和大于第三边。 Air pressure decreases with altitude. 气压随海拔高度的增加而下降。 ;2）根据语法需要增词;Amplification by Supplying Words to Convey the Concept of Plurality 英语的可数名词有单复数之别，汉语则没有。翻译时有时有必要增词以便传达这一含义。 The lion is the king of animals. 狮子是百兽之王。 I saw bubbles rising from under the water. 我看见一个个水泡从水下升起。 The very earth trembled as with the tramps of horses. 连大地都震动了，仿佛万马奔腾。 Things do not change; we change. 万物不变，是我们在变。 ;;3） Amplification by Supplying Necessary Connectives 增加连词;解释性增词;The young man dressed like so pleasing a Cupid in the masquerade . 这个年轻人在化装舞会上装扮成讨人喜欢的爱神丘比特。 Instead of being Gorgon he had expected, she was young and remarkably pretty. 她不是并非他所预想的，那种看谁一眼就把谁变成石头的女妖高根，而是个年轻的美人。;2）Amplification for Purposes of Rhetoric or Coherence 汉语四字结构 This printer is indeed cheap and fine. 这部打印机真是物美价廉。 Yes, I like Chinese food. Lots of peopl