机电专业英语.Lesson 6.pptVIP

Lesson 6 Operating the Machine Controls Text Before using any machine, you must be able to use the controls properly, know what they are for, and understand how they work. You must also be aware of the potential hazards that exist for you and the machine if it is mishandled. This unit prepares you to operate lathes. Most lathes have similar control mechanisms and operating handles for feeds and threading. Feed control levers The carriage is moved along the ways by means of the lead screw when threading, or by a separate feed rod when using feeds. On most small lathes, however, a leadscrew-feed rod combination is used. In order to make left-hand threads and reverse the feed, the feed reverse lever is used. This lever reverses the lead screw. It should never be moved when the machine is running. The quick-change gearbox (Figure 6.1 and 6.2) typically has two or more sliding gear shifter levers. These are used to select feeds or threads per inch. On those lathes also equipped with metric selections, the threads are expressed in pitches (measured in millimeters). The carriage apron (Figure 6.3) contains the handwheel for hand feeding and a power feed lever that engages a clutch to a gear drive train in the apron. Hand feeding should not be used for long cuts as there would be lack of uniformity and a poor finish would result. When using power feed and approaching a shoulder or the chuck jaws, disengage the power feed and hand feed the carriage for the last 1/8 in. or so. The handwheel is used to quickly bring the tool close to the work before engaging the feed and for rapidly returning to the start of a cut after disengaging the feed. A feed change lever diverts the feed either to the carriage for longitudinal movement or to the crossfeed screw to move the cross slide. There is generally some slack or backlash in the crossfeed and compound screws. As long as the tool is being fed to one direction against the work load, there is no problem, but if the screw is slightly