桥式起重机事故原因分析及安全管理.docVIP

/ / / / 桥式起重机事故原因分析及安全管理 Analysis of the causes of bridge crane accidents and safety management 桥式起重机事故原因分析及安全管理 Analysis of the causes of bridge crane accidents and safety management 引发桥式起重机起重吊运作业事故主要危险因素有：未发信号，使用不合格吊具超载吊运，安全防护装置失灵，指挥信号不明或乱指挥，吊物捆绑不牢，歪拉斜挂吊运，棱角快口没有衬垫等。在对314起起重机事故按机型分类的统计中，桥式起重机发生事故数量是59起，所占比例为18.8％，事故发生率是所有起重机械里面最高的。因此必须加强对起重作业人员的安全操作规程和规章制度教育，提高起重作业人员的安全素质。 Cause of bridge crane hoisting and lifting operation accident risk factors: no signal, the use of substandard hoist overload lifting, safety protection device failure, the command signal is unknown or arbitrary command, hanging binding is not strong, crooked pull over the lifting, angular openings no liner etc.. In 314 crane accidents according to statistical models classification, bridge crane accident number is 59, the proportion of 18.8%, the accident rate is the highest of all hoisting machinery. It is necessary to strengthen the operation rules and regulations on safety education for lifting personnel, improve the safety quality of lifting operation personnel. 　　1起重机的机械事故 1 crane machine accidents 　　起重伤害与事故是指起重机械在作业过程中，由机具、吊物等所引起的人身伤亡或设备损坏事故。据统计，在冶金、机电、铁路、港口、建筑等生产部门，起重机械所发生的事故占有很大比例，高达25％左右，其中死亡事故占15％左右。如表1所示，其中在吊具打击中，有3起脱钩事故，占吊具打击事故的50％；在断绳事故中，有5起过卷事故，占断绳事故的38.5％；在108起事故中，有2起是超载事故，占事故总数的1.9％。据统计结果可知，在108起典型起重伤害事故中，吊物脱落打击事故占总事故数的25％，其伤亡人数占总伤亡人数的20.7％，居首位；其次是断绳伤害事故，分别为12％和12.1％；居第3位的是挤压伤害事故，分别为12％和9.3％。由此可见，吊物脱落打击、断绳和挤压伤害事故是起重机械作业过程中的多发性事故。 Lifting injury and accident refers to the hoisting machinery in the process of the operation, caused by a machine, hanging, personal injury or equipment damage accidents. According to statistics, in metallurgy, machinery, railway, port, building the production department, the occurrence of heavy machinery accident occupies a large proportion, as high as 25%, which accounted for about 15% of deaths. As shown in Table 1, which in the sling blow, 3 blow from accidents, accounting for 50% of accident in a sling; rope break