前置、后置与倒装.ppt

* * ppt课件 后置是一种语法手段，即为了表示强调而把一个非句尾成分移至句尾。 支配英语词序的两条重要原则 1.End Focus（句尾焦点） 2.End Weight（句尾重心） * ppt课件 “旧信息+新信息” 句子 信息单位 Mr. Smith is a friend of my father’s. 旧信息 （Known Information） 新信息 （New Information） 信息焦点 （Information Focus） * ppt课件 从句子结构看，主语，作为信息传递的出发点，在结构上通常较短较简单，而谓语，作为信息传递的着重点，则通常较长较复杂，这种句构特征叫做“句尾重心”（End Weight）。 They pushed the car. They gave the car a push. He smokes. He smokes cigarettes. * ppt课件 由于句尾焦点和句尾重心的关系，人们在组词成句时往往要将说话人认为最重要的内容置于句尾，使之处于突出的位置，这种语法手段叫做“后置”(Postponement)。 He gave me a book. He gave a book to me. 前者侧重在a book ，适合于回答What did he give me?后者侧重在me，适合回答Who did he give a book to?由此可见，间接宾语的位置虽然可前可后，但在一定上下文中它只能在前或者只能在后。 * ppt课件 Combine each set of sentences into one sentence with necessary changes according to the stressed points indicated below: 1.Women may soon be able to compete with men in most sporting events. Men may deny it. a) Stressing women’s role in sporting events b) Stressing men’s denial 2.Cities like New York and Detroit can survive. They can overcome serious problems like crime and pollution. a) Stressing the survival of the big cities b) Stressing the serious problems Even though men may deny it, women may soon be able to compete …… Women may soon be able to compete with men in most sporting events, but men may deny it. Provided (that) they can overcome serious problems like crime and pollution, cities like New York and Detroit can survive. Cities like New York and Detroit can survive if they can overcome serious problems like crime and pollution. * ppt课件 把正常词序中通常较晚出现的成分移至句首，使之处于突出的位置，从而受到特殊强调，这种语法手段叫做前置（Fronting）。使用前置手段表示强调，有时不必改变次序，有时则引起倒装（Inversion)。 * ppt课件 一、不引起倒装的前置 不引起倒装的前置通常是宾语（ Object ）、主语补语（ Subject Complement ）和宾语补语（ Object Complement ）。 A horrible mess you’ve made it. Books, he had treasured from the earliest period of his life. Very strange it seemed. * ppt课件 二、引起倒装的前置 当主语补语前置时，如果主语较长或主语结构比较复杂，这种主语补语的前置就会引起倒装。 More serious was the question of how the President