《系统解剖学》教学资料绪论骨学躯干骨.ppt

* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * 1. long bones are found in limbs , it consists of a body and two ends. Medullary cavity Epiphysis Epiphysial cartilage Body Epiphysis * 2. Short bones The short bones distribute in wrist and foot. * 3. Flat bones They distribute in skull and chest. skull chest * 4. Irregular bones The irregular bones are varied in shape, such as cranial bones and vertebrae. sinus vertebrae * The living bones consist of bony substance 骨质, periosteum 骨膜 and bone marrow 骨髓. Periosteum Bony substance Bone marrow 二、The structure of bones [﹐peri?sti?m ] * 1.Bony substance (1) Compact bone:坚实致密，配布于骨表面。 (2) Spongy bone：呈海绵状，配布于骨的内 部，由骨小梁组成。 * 2. Periosteum It covers the surface of the bone (except the articular part) , it consists of two layers : an outer and an inner membrane. Periosteum 骨膜剥离太多骨折难以愈合 增高术 [ɑ:tikjul? ] * 3. Bone marrow Bone marrow is found in the medullary cavities of long bones and within spaces in spongy bone. There are two kinds of bone marrow, red and yellow . Red marrow Yellow marrow 骨髓穿刺部位？ * 英科学家用胚胎干细胞3D打印人体器官 北京时间2月7日消息，据国外媒体报道，科学家离培育重要器官又近一步，不久可能使从人到人的移植成为历史。专家已研发出三维打印技术，可用胚胎干细胞制造人体组织。这种由爱丁堡赫瑞-瓦特大学开发出的方法意味着病入膏肓的病人可轻易获得肝脏、心脏和其他器官。 * 三、The chemical composition and physical properties of bone organic inorganic Living bones are plastic tissues with organic and inorganic. [﹐?n?:ɡ?nik ] * Section 2 The axial bone 中轴骨 一、The bones of trunk 躯干骨 The bones of trunk include the vertebrae, the sternum and the ribs, which provide framework (支架) for the vertebral column(脊柱), the thoracic cage(胸廓)and the pelvis(骨盆). [θ?(:) r?sik] * (一）The vertebrae 椎骨 In a child, the normal number of the separate vertebrae is 32 or 33. Cervical 颈vertebrae: C7 Thoracic胸vertebrae: T12 Lumbar腰vertebrae: L5 Sacral骶vertebrae: S5 Coccygeal尾verteb