语义翻译和交际翻.pptVIP

About Translation 《论翻译》 Approaches to Translation 《翻译探索》 A Textbook of Translation 《翻译教程》 纽马克提出将文本划分为三大类： 表达型文本 (expressive text) 信息型文本 (informative text) 号召型文本 (vocative text) SL Text emphasis TL emphasis Word for word Adaptation Literal translation Free translation Faithful translation Idiomatic translation Semantic translation Communicative translation ★ Word-for-word Translation ★ Literal Translation ★ Faithful Translation ★ Free Translation ★ Adaptation ★ Idiomatic Translation ★ Semantic Translation ★ Communicative Translation Word-for-word Translation 逐字翻译 The SL word-order is preserved and the words translated singly by their most common meanings, out of context. 例1：If Main Street didn’t understand this, Wall Street did. 原译：如果主街不理解，华尔街是理解的。 改译：这一点，一般人不理解，华尔街那些大老板们却是明白的。 例2： He is as good as dead. 原译：他同死一样好。 改译：他几乎死去。 Literal Translation 直译 The SL grammatical constructions are converted to their nearest TL equivalents but the lexical words are again translated singly, out of context. 当译出语和译入语在引申义和语用上相吻合时，可采用直译。 直译要求再现原文的思想内容和艺术风格， 要求保存原文的语法结构和基本句型， 要求保存原文的比喻形象和修辞色彩， 总之，直译要求双语在词语形式上 和句法结构上的对应和对等。 例1：I read his letter with both surprise and excitement, surprise because he is still around, excitement because he never forgot me. 译文：我读到他的来信，既惊又喜。惊的是他还健在，喜的是 他一直没有忘记我。 例2： crocodile tears 鳄鱼的眼泪 armed to the teeth 武装到牙齿 chain reaction 连锁反应 gentlemen’s agreement 君子协定 Faithful Translation 忠实翻译 It attempts to reproduce the precise contextual meaning of the original within the constraints of the TL grammatical structures. 例：挪威队的时尚装扮并未影响他们的比赛状态。本周一，挪威队以9比2的比分战胜法国队，在共有十国参加的小组循环赛中位列第二。 译：Norway’s fashion sense hasn’t affected their form with Monday’s 9-2 w