北京大学经原试题-经济学原理Ⅱ（07春季期中2）.pdfVIP

姓名 学号 班级 （A 卷） 经济学原理II （2007 年春季学期） 期中考试2 （A 卷答案） （2007/5/14 ） 注意：请全部用中文回答（留学生可用英文）。请将所有题目的答案写在答题册上并标明A 、 B 卷，写在本试题纸上一律无效。考试结束后，试题纸和答题册一并上交。 一、判断题（判断并必须说明理由，必要时可以用图形。每题4分，共28分。） 1. 一国生产其所需要的全部产品而不从事国际贸易，能够使得该国的经济更快地增长。 错误。国际贸易使得该国生产其具有比较优势的产品并从交换中获益，并没有减少该国的总 产出。相反，国际贸易带来经济增长，这与技术进步的影响类似。 2. A higher rate of saving leads to higher growth indefinitely. False. A higher rate of saving leads to higher growth temporarily but not indefinitely. Since capital is subject to diminishing returns, as the higher saving rate allows more capital to be accumulated, the benefits from additional capital become smaller over time, and so growth slows down. 3. From 1950 to 2000, manufacturing employment as a percentage of total employment in the U.S. economy fell significantly. At the same time, manufacturing output experienced slightly more rapid than the overall economy. Policy makers should concern about the decline in the share of manufacturing employment. False. If manufacturing output is rising and the number of workers is declining, then output per worker, or labor productivity, must be rising, and this is beneficial to the economy. After all, the reduction in manufacturing jobs will allow labor resources to move to other industries, increasing total output in the economy. 4. You use your $200 paycheck to buy bond in ATT. This situation represents investment as defined by a macroeconomist. 错误。这代表着一种储蓄，购买债券的个人是可贷资金市场的供给者。资金的需求者（企业） 通过发行债券得到资金用以购买机器设备等的行为才是投资。 5. 清华大学决定对已婚的教师提供廉价的租住房屋，而对未婚者则没有类似的福利。这减 少了未婚者的数量，但降低了婚姻的质量。 正确。可以把婚姻看成是一个男女匹配有“摩擦”的“市场”，未婚相当于劳动市场上的“摩 擦性失业”。而学校的政策相当于提供就业补贴（等价的，减少失业补贴）。这减少了未婚者 数量（失业人数），但降低了婚姻（雇主雇员匹配）的质量。 6. The theory of efficiency wages suggests that a firm might increase its profits by raising its wages it pays. Tru