曼昆经济学原理22衡量一国的收入.ppt

* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * 7 GDP 和 经济福利 GDP 不是衡量福利的完美指标。 GDP 和 经济福利 一些事情对整个经济福利有贡献但是对 GDP没有作用 闲暇 环境质量 市场价格评价的物品与劳务也没有计入 没有涉及收入分配 GDP, 人均寿命, 和成年人识字率 Summary Because every transaction has a buyer and a seller, the total expenditure in the economy must equal the total income in the economy. Gross Domestic Product (GDP) measures an economy’s total expenditure on newly produced goods and services and the total income earned from the production of these goods and services. Summary GDP is the market value of all final goods and services produced within a country in a given period of time. GDP is divided among four components of expenditure: consumption, investment, government purchases, and net exports. Summary Nominal GDP uses current prices to value the economy’s production. Real GDP uses constant base-year prices to value the economy’s production of goods and services. The GDP deflator--calculated from the ratio of nominal to real GDP--measures the level of prices in the economy. Summary GDP is a good measure of economic well-being because people prefer higher to lower incomes. It is not a perfect measure of well-being because some things, such as leisure time and a clean environment, aren’t measured by GDP. Graphical Review The Circular-Flow Diagram Firms Households Market for Factors of Production Market for Goods and Services Spending Revenue Wages, rent, and profit Income Goods Services sold Goods Services bought Labor, land, and capital Inputs for production * * * * 7 * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * 衡量一国的收入 Chapter 22 思考下面问题 每年国家都会公布GDP 你能说清楚GDP衡量什么吗？ 你知道GDP是如何计算出来的吗？ 经济的收入与支出 对一个整体经济而言， 收入必等于支出 每一次交易都有两方：买者和卖者 这如同一枚硬币的两面 循环流向图 Firms Households Market for Factors of Production Market for Goods and Services Spending Revenue Wages, rent, and profit Income Goods Services sold Goods Services bought Labor, land, and capital Inputs for production 国内生产总值（ Gross domestic product， GDP） 在某一既定时期一个国家内生产的所有最终物品与劳务的市场价值。 国内生产总值 某一既定时期, 经常是一年或者一个季度 。 G