供应链管理及物流网络配置.pptVIP

通过减少仓库数量，BuyPC.com可以降低总体物流网络成本 降低库存成本的价值超过第二天送达的空运成本的增加 BuyPC.com 案例研究网络设计结论与下一步的计划 BuyPC.com 案例研究网络设计结论与下一步的计划 然而，战略网络没有考虑季节性的影响： 它们有足够的空间吗？ 什么时候开始增加库存以满足需求 生产的产品存放到哪里？ 需求高峰期间地域会不会变化？ * Different colors represent different types of customers distinguished by service level requirements. Thus, looking at the map provides the user insight on the distribution of customers in theregion * The maps provide two designs for the logistics example in the previous slide. Ask the students which one they think is more effective. The answer of course is that it depends on the objective. In the map on the right the objective is service (reduce response time to the customers) while in the map on the left the objective is to minimize total cost * * * * All products within one rectangle are aggregated together * * * The graph suggests that in general transportation rate (in $ per 100 pounds or CWT) is linear with distance.But not always. In fact, the next few slides show that this is not a good assumption in general and hence it is important to incorporate into the analysis the true structure of the transportation cost function. * * Facility Costs: Handling cost is proportional to annual flow, storage cost is proportional to average inventory while fixed cost is proportional to maximum inventory Observe that the only information we have is annual demand and hence annual flow through the warehouse. Thus, it is easy to determine handling cost How does one determine average inventory and hence inventory cost? Using inventory turn over ratio What about maximum inventory (and hence fixed cost)? By estimating maximum inventory as twice average inventory * Here we typically ask the students why do you need warehouses at all, in particular since network design models do not take demand uncertainty into account. The answer Response time Economies of scale in transportation cost, namely shipping fully loaded trucks to the warehouses * See the pdf file “Perfect Distribution Networks” for