原子物理学第四版全套配套课件杨福家T6.PPTVIP

Einstein and Bohr (15.16) (15.17) E is a separating constant does not depend on r and t. (15.18) (15.19) (15.20) From (15.17), we have (15.21) --the time independent Schrodinger equation ?(x) must be (standard conditions) single-valued finite continuous EXAMPLE 1: ONE-DIMENSIONAL INFINITE POTENTIAL WELL. (15.22) Figure 15.1 One-dimensional infinite square well potential Stationary S.E. of the system in the well is If we define We have (15.23) (15.24) (15.25) (15.29) (15.26) (15.27) (15.28) (15.30) Normalization condition EXAMPLE 2: ONE-DIMENSIONAL FINITE POTENTIAL WELL. (15.31) Figure 15.3 One-dimensional finite potential well (E Vd) The case of particles being inside well is the same And the wave function is a sine function. Outside the well, (15.32) (15.33) Schrodinger equation Figure 15.5 The classical diagrams (a,b) and quantum diagrams (c,d) of a particle inside a finite potential well (a,c) and outside the finite potential well (b,d), respectively. EXAMPLE 3: TUNNEL EFFECT ( 15- 34) In I (x x1), V = 0 In II ( x1 x x2 ), V = V0 E In III (x x2), V = 0 Figure 15.7 Penetration of a wavefunction through a square barrier of thickness D the probability of penetration is P = e –G where (15.40) George GAMOV (1904—1968) A car rushes into the parlor EXAMPLE 4: ONE-DIMENSIONAL HARMONIC OSCILLATOR POTENTIAL (15.41) in which V = kx2/2 and k is the elastic coefficient. In classical physics, the motion of a harmonic oscillator can be expressed as a sine function The classical energy can be expressed as where x0 is the position of the particle when its kinetic energy is zero and is called the turning point. Obviously E can take any value. (15.42) (15.43) In quantum mechanics, for the Schr?dinger equation is (15.44) in which , and Hn(y) is a Hermite polynomial. The forms of the first few Hermite polynomials are (15.45) (15.46) Two important concepts: Quantization an