原子物理学第四版全套配套课件杨福家T4量子论.PPTVIP

原子物理学第四版全套配套课件杨福家T4量子论.PPT

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Albert Einstein (1879 - 1955) 摄于1905年, 1921 Nobel Niels Bohr (1885 – -1962) 1922 Nobel Figure 6.7 Schematic diagram of a prism spectrograph 使用钻孔灌注桩2100根 桩长约48米 桩径0.6米 实验大厅底板1.35米 储存环隧道底板厚1.05米 Machines In SSRF 进一步营造 鼓励创新的环境, 培养造就世界一流 科学家和 科技领军人才. 胡锦涛, 17 大报告 Figure 12.6 The enhanced “scattering” is caused by “reflection” on a family of Bragg planes with separation interval d Figure 28.6’ (a) Derivation of Bragg’s formula Figure 12.7 One-dimensional standing wave Figure 12.9 The standing waves and the orbits of electrons Figure 12.8 The standing wave diagrams of n = 2 (a) and n = 4 (b) Figure 12.10 A standing wave in a one-dimensional rigid box Figure 12.11 The energy levels in a one-dimensional rigid box Figure 12.12 The energy levels and wave function of the hydrogen atom (simplified) Werner Heisenberg (1901 - 1976) 1932 Nobel Path difference between ray 1 2 must be an integral multiple of the wavelength, then we get an intensity maximum in the diffraction. (12-9) (12-10) For Ni, E= 54 eV The results of the Davisson and Germer experiment The diffraction of electrons on an Au single crystal The diffraction pattern of electrons on an Au-V polycrystal Matter Waves Photon 12.4 keV Electron 150 eV Neutron 0.081 eV Helium 0.02 eV The energy corresponding to room temperature: An object with mass 10 microgram moves at speed of 1 cm/sec. Its de Broglie wavelength is 6.6 (E-22) cm , i.e., 0.00000000000000000000066 cm de Broglie Waves and Quantum States The de Broglie atom To make the rotation of the e around the N exist in a steady state, the wave corresponding to the e must be a standing wave. The phase of wave must not change after one circle, otherwise, the e wave will be destroyed. The circumference of the electron’s rotation around the nucleus must be an integer times the correspond

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